The paper titled “Music for Pain Relief” (The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, April 19, 2006) concluded, based on a review of 51 studies of the effect of music on pain intensity, that
“Listening to music reduces pain intensity levels … However, the magnitude of these positive effects is small, the clinical relevance of music for pain relief in clinical practice is unclear.”
Are the authors of this paper claiming that the pain reduction attributable to listening to music is not statistically significant, not practically significant, or neither statistically nor practically significant? Explain.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Bundle: Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, 5th + WebAssign Printed Access Card: Peck/Olsen/Devore. 5th Edition, Single-Term
- NCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…arrow_forwardNCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…arrow_forwardNCI Cancer Bulletin, December 2, 2008 Volume 5 / Number 24 Title of the article: After Menopause, Weight Affects Breast Cancer Rates More than Mammography Use Women who are overweight or obese after menopause face an increased risk of breast cancer, but a large prospective cohort study indicates that the frequency of mammography use and screening accuracy are not the primary explanations for higher rates of breast cancer in these women. The same is true of large, invasive breast cancer tumors and advanced stage disease; risk increases with weight, but higher rates are not explained by the frequency or accuracy of screening mammography before breast cancer was diagnosed. The study appears in the December 3 Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Dr. Karla Kerlikowske of the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and colleagues gathered data on 287,115 postmenopausal women who were registered in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium database. Reflecting a trend in the…arrow_forward
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- Elissa Epel, a professor of health psychology at the University of California–San Francisco, studied women in high- and low-stress situations. She found that women with higher cortisol responses to stress ate significantly more sweet food and consumed more calories on the stress day compared with those with low cortisol responses, and compared with themselves on lower stress days. Increases in negative mood in response to the stressors were also significantly related to greater food consumption. These results suggest that psychophysiological responses to stress may influence subsequent eating behavior. Over time, these alterations could impact both weight and health. You are interested in studying whether students living in the dorms or students living off campus have higher cortisol levels. You ask a sample of n₁ = 25 students living in the dorms and n₂ = 30 students living off campus to record their afternoon cortisol levels for a week. The average cortisol level for students living…arrow_forwardSince this research focuses on sleep habits in college students and its effect on mental health, we have proposed the research question to be what the prevalence of college student's mental health issues are due to poor sleeping habits.Previous research has shown that anxiety and depression can be two indicators of poor sleep habits in college students (Becker et al., 2018). As mentioned before, college students are also at risk of developing poor sleep habits because, as freshmen, they transition into a more significant workload than they are accustomed to doing. They are also given more freedom with their time. So, we predict a relationship between mental health and low amounts of sleep-in students. In contrast, the alternative outcome is that there will be no mental health problems arising as students lose sleep for long periods. Since getting good sleep allows us to function better throughout our days, we will likely see the impact bad quality and quantity of sleep will have on…arrow_forwardSince this research focuses on sleep habits in college students and its effect on mental health, we have proposed the research question to be what the prevalence of college student's mental health issues are due to poor sleeping habits.Previous research has shown that anxiety and depression can be two indicators of poor sleep habits in college students (Becker et al., 2018). As mentioned before, college students are also at risk of developing poor sleep habits because, as freshmen, they transition into a more significant workload than they are accustomed to doing. They are also given more freedom with their time. So, we predict a relationship between mental health and low amounts of sleep-in students. In contrast, the alternative outcome is that there will be no mental health problems arising as students lose sleep for long periods. Since getting good sleep allows us to function better throughout our days, we will likely see the impact bad quality and quantity of sleep will have on…arrow_forward
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