Make or buy, unknown level of volume. (A. Atkinson, adapted) Denver Engineering manufactures small engines that it sells to manufacturers who install them in products such as lawn mowers. The company currently manufactures all the parts used in these engines but is considering a proposal from an external supplier who wishes to supply the starter assemblies used in these engines. The starter assemblies are currently manufactured in Division 3 of Denver Engineering. The costs relating to the starter assemblies for the past 12 months were as follows: Direct materials $ 400,000 Variable direct manufacturing labor 300,000 Manufacturing overhead 800,000 Total $1,500,000 Over the past year, Division 3 manufactured 150,000 starter assemblies. The average cost for each starter assembly is $10 ($1,500,000 ÷ 150,000). Further analysis of manufacturing overhead revealed the following information. Of the total manufacturing overhead, only 25% is considered variable. Of the fixed portion, $300,000 is an allocation of general overhead that will remain unchanged for the company as a whole if production of the starter assemblies is discontinued. A further $200,000 of the fixed overhead is avoidable if production of the starter assemblies is discontinued. The balance of the current fixed overhead, $100,000, is the division manager’s salary. If Denver Engineering discontinues production of the starter assemblies, the manager of Division 3 will be transferred to Division 2 at the same salary. This move will allow the company to save the $80,000 salary that would otherwise be paid to attract an outsider to this position. 1. Tutwiler Electronics, a reliable supplier, has offered to supply starter-assembly units at $8 per unit. Because this price is less than the current average cost of $10 per unit, the vice president of manufacturing is eager to accept this offer. On the basis of financial considerations alone, should Denver Engineering accept the outside offer? Show your calculations. ( Hint: Production output in the coming year may be different from production output in the past year.) 2. How, if at all, would your response to requirement 1 change if the company could use the vacated plant space for storage and, in so doing, avoid $100,000 of outside storage charges currently incurred? Why is this information relevant or irrelevant?

Boston Executive. Inc., produces executive limousines and currently manufactures the mini-bar inset at these costs: The company received an offer from Elite Mini-Bars to produce the insets for $2,100 per Unit and supply 1,000 mini-bars for the coming years estimated production. If the company accepts this offer and shuts down production of this part of the business, production workers and supervisors will be reassigned to other areas. Assume that for the short-term decision-making process demonstrated in this problem, the companys total labor costs (direct labor and supervisor salaries) will remain the same if the bar inserts are purchased. The specialized equipment cannot be used and has no market value. However, the space occupied by the mini bar production can be used by a different production group that will lease it for $55,000 per year. Should the company make or buy the mini-bar insert?

Jonfran Company manufactures three different models of paper shredders including the waste container, which serves as the base. While the shredder heads are different for all three models, the waste container is the same. The number of waste containers that Jonfran will need during the following years is estimated as follows: The equipment used to manufacture the waste container must be replaced because it is broken and cannot be repaired. The new equipment would have a purchase price of 945,000 with terms of 2/10, n/30; the companys policy is to take all purchase discounts. The freight on the equipment would be 11,000, and installation costs would total 22,900. The equipment would be purchased in December 20x4 and placed into service on January 1, 20x5. It would have a five-year economic life and would be treated as three-year property under MACRS. This equipment is expected to have a salvage value of 12,000 at the end of its economic life in 20x9. The new equipment would be more efficient than the old equipment, resulting in a 25 percent reduction in both direct materials and variable overhead. The savings in direct materials would result in an additional one-time decrease in working capital requirements of 2,500, resulting from a reduction in direct material inventories. This working capital reduction would be recognized at the time of equipment acquisition. The old equipment is fully depreciated and is not included in the fixed overhead. The old equipment from the plant can be sold for a salvage amount of 1,500. Rather than replace the equipment, one of Jonfrans production managers has suggested that the waste containers be purchased. One supplier has quoted a price of 27 per container. This price is 8 less than Jonfrans current manufacturing cost, which is as follows: Jonfran uses a plantwide fixed overhead rate in its operations. If the waste containers are purchased outside, the salary and benefits of one supervisor, included in fixed overhead at 45,000, would be eliminated. There would be no other changes in the other cash and noncash items included in fixed overhead except depreciation on the new equipment. Jonfran is subject to a 40 percent tax rate. Management assumes that all cash flows occur at the end of the year and uses a 12 percent after-tax discount rate. Required: 1. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the make alternative. Calculate the NPV of the make alternative. 2. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the buy alternative. Calculate the NPV of the buy alternative. 3. Which should Jonfran domake or buy the containers? What qualitative factors should be considered? (CMA adapted)

Regal Executive, Inc., produces executive motor coaches and currently manufactures the cent awnings that accompany them at these costs: The company received an offer from Saied Tents to produce the awnings for $3,200 per unit and supply 1,000 awnings for the coming years estimated production. If the company accepts this offer and shuts down production of this part of the business, production workers and supervisors will be reassigned to other areas. Assume that for the short-term decision-making process demonstrated in this problem, the companys total labor costs (direct labor and supervisor salaries) will remain the same if the bar inserts are purchased. The specialized equipment cannot be used and has no market value. However, the space occupied by the awning production can be used by a different production group that will lease it for $60,000 per year. Should the company make or buy the awnings?

ZZOOM, Inc., has decided to discontinue manufacturing its Z Best model. Currently, the company has 4,600 partially completed Z Best models on hand. The government has put a recall on a particular part in the Z Best model, so each base model must now be reworked to accommodate the style of the new part. The company has spent $110 per unit to manufacture these Z Best models to their current state. Reworking each Z Best model will cost $22 for materials and $25 for direct labor. In addition, $9 of variable overhead and $34 of allocated fixed overhead (relating primarily to depreciation of plant and equipment) will be allocated per unit. If ZZOOM completes the Z Best models, it can sell them for $180 per unit. On the other hand, another manufacturer is interested in purchasing the partially completed units for $105 each and converting them into Z Plus models. Prepare a differential analysis per unit to determine if ZZOOM should complete the Z Best models or sell them in their current state.

Troy Engines, Limited, manufactures a variety of engines for use in heavy equipment. The company has always produced all of the necessary parts for its engines, including all of the carburetors. An outside supplier has offered to sell one type of carburetor to Troy Engines, Limited, for a cost of $35 per unit. To evaluate this offer, Troy Engines, Limited, has gathered the following information relating to its own cost of producing the carburetor internally: Per Unit 22,000 Units Per Year Direct materials $ 15 $ 330,000 Direct labor 8 176,000 Variable manufacturing overhead 3 66,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead, traceable 3*Footnote asterisk 66,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead, allocated 6 132,000 Total cost $ 35 $ 770,000 *Footnote asteriskOne-third supervisory salaries; two-thirds depreciation of special equipment (no resale value). Required: Assuming the company has no alternative use for the facilities that are now being used to produce the carburetors, what…

Alderon Enterprises is evaluating a special order it has received for a ceramic fixture to be used in aircraft engines. Alderon has recently been operating at less than full capacity, so the firm's management will accept the order if the price offered exceeds the costs that will be incurred in producing it. You have been asked for advice on how to determine the cost of two raw materials that would be required to produce the order. A) The special order will require 800 gallons of Endor, a highly perishable material that is purchased as needed. Alderon currently has 1,200 gallons of Endor on hand, since the material is used in virtually all of the company's products. The last time endor was purchased, Alderon paid $5.00 per gallon. However, the average price paid for the endor in stock was only $4.75. The market price for the Endor is quite volatile, with the current price at $5.50. If the special order is accepted, Alderon will have to place a new order next week to replace the…

Troy Engines, Ltd., manufactures a variety of engines for use in heavy equipment. The company has always produced all of the necessary parts for its engines, including all of the carburetors. An outside supplier has offered to sell one type of carburetor to Troy Engines, Ltd., for a cost of $36 per unit. To evaluate this offer, Troy Engines, Ltd., has gathered the following information relating to its own cost of producing the carburetor internally: Per Unit 20,000 Units Per Year Direct materials $ 17 $ 340,000 Direct labor 10 200,000 Variable manufacturing overhead 2 40,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead, traceable 9 * 180,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead, allocated 12 240,000 Total cost $ 50 $ 1,000,000 *One-third supervisory salaries; two-thirds depreciation of special equipment (no resale value). Required: 1. Assuming the company has no alternative use for the facilities that are now being used to produce the carburetors, what would be the financial advantage (disadvantage) of buying…

Troy Engines, Ltd., manufactures a variety of engines for use in heavy equipment. The company has always produced all of the necessary parts for its engines, including all of the carburetors. An outside supplier has offered to sell one type of carburetor to Troy Engines, Ltd., for a cost of $33 per unit. To evaluate this offer, Troy Engines, Ltd., has gathered the following information relating to its own cost of producing the carburetor internally: Per Unit 18,000 UnitsPer Year Direct materials $ 15 $ 270,000 Direct labor 9 162,000 Variable manufacturing overhead 4 72,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead, traceable 6 * 108,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead, allocated 9 162,000 Total cost $ 43 $ 774,000 *One-third supervisory salaries; two-thirds depreciation of special equipment (no resale value). Required: 1. Assuming the company has no alternative use for the facilities that are now being used to produce the…

MSI is considering outsourcing the production of the handheld control module used with some of its products. The company has received a bid from Monte Legend Company (MLC) to produce 10,000 units of the module per year for $16 each. The following information pertains to MSI’s production of the control modules: Direct materials $ 9 Direct labor 4 Variable manufacturing overhead 2 Fixed manufacturing overhead 3 Total cost per unit $ 18 MSI has determined it could eliminate all variable costs if the control modules were produced externally, but none of the fixed overhead is avoidable. At this time, MSI has no specific use in mind for the space that is currently dedicated to the control module production. Required: 1. Compute the difference in cost between making and buying the control module. 2. Should MSI buy the modules from MLC or continue to make them? 3-a. Suppose the MSI space currently used for the modules could be utilized by a new product line that would generate…

Troy Engines, Ltd., manufactures a variety of engines for use in heavy equipment. The company has always produced all of the necessary parts for its engines, including all of the carburetors. An outside supplier has offered to sell one type of carburetor to Troy Engines, Ltd., for a cost of $32 per unit. To evaluate this offer, Troy Engines, Ltd., has gathered the following information relating to its own cost of producing the carburetor internally: Per Unit 17,000 Unitsper Year Direct materials $ 14 $ 238,000 Direct labor 8 136,000 Variable manufacturing overhead 3 51,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead, traceable 3 * 51,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead, allocated 6 102,000 Total cost $ 34 $ 578,000 *One-third supervisory salaries; two-thirds depreciation of special equipment (no resale value). Required: 1. Assuming the company has no alternative use for the facilities that are now being used to produce the…

Troy Engines, Ltd., manufactures a variety of engines for use in heavy equipment. The company has always produced all of the necessary parts for its engines, including all of the carburetors. An outside supplier has offered to sell one type of carburetor to Troy Engines, Ltd., for a cost of $35 per unit. To evaluate this offer, Troy Engines, Ltd., has gathered the following information relating to its own cost of producing the carburetor internally: Per Unit 15,600 UnitsPer Year Direct materials $ 9 $ 140,400 Direct labor 11 171,600 Variable manufacturing overhead 3 46,800 Fixed manufacturing overhead, traceable 9* 140,400 Fixed manufacturing overhead, allocated 13 202,800 Total cost $ 45 $ 702,000 *40% supervisory salaries; 60% depreciation of special equipment (no resale value). Required: 1a. Assuming that the company has no alternative use for the facilities that are now being used to produce the carburetors,…

UTAH CORP. is a chemical manufacturer that supplies various products to industrial users. The company plans to introduce a new chemical solution called Bysap, for which it needs to develop a standard product cost. The following labor information is available on the production of Bysap. The product, which is bottled in 10-liter containers, is primarily a mixture of Byclyn, Salex, and Protet. The finished product is highly unstable, and one 10-liter batch out of six is rejected at the final inspection. Rejected batches have no commercial value and are thrown out. It takes a worker 35 minutes to process one 10-liter batch of Bysap. Employees work on eight-hour a day, including one hour per day for rest breaks and cleanup. What is the standard labor time to produce one 10-liter batch of Bysap? 2. MAINE INC.’s direct labor costs for the month of May are as follows: Standard direct labor hours allowed 12,500 Actual direct labor…

Solution Summary: The author explains that Opportunity Cost is total of potential income and other benefits that are lost due to rejection of alternatives.

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Chapter 11 Solutions

Direct materials	$ 400,000
Variable direct manufacturing labor	300,000
Manufacturing overhead	800,000
Total	$1,500,000