Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780393912340
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Question
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Chapter 11, Problem 11.56QA
Interpretation Introduction

To find:

Increasing order of freezing point of solution of 0.10 m MgCl2 in water, 0.20 m toluene in diethyl ether and 0.20 m ethylene glycol in ethanol

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 11.56QA

Solution:

The increasing order of freezing point of given solutions is,

b) 0.20 m toluene in diethyl ether < c) 0.20 m ethylene glycol in ethanol < a) 0.10 m MgCl2 in water

Explanation of Solution

1) Concept

Freezing point depression is a colligative property, so it does not depend on the identity of the solute particles only on their number. As the number of solute particles increases the freezing point of solution is decreases.

2) Given

a) 0.10 m MgCl2 in water, i = 2.7,  Kf = 1.860 C/m

b) 0.20 m toluene in diethyl ether, i = 1.00,  Kf = 1.790 C/m

c) 0.20 m ethylene glycol in ethanol, i = 1.00,  Kf = 1.990 C/m

3) Formulae

Tf= Kf ×i ×m

4) Calculations

We will calculate the freezing point of the each solution

1) Freezing point depression of solution of 0.10 m MgCl2 in water, i = 2.7,  Kf = 1.860 C/m

The freezing point depression:

Tf= Kf ×i ×m

Tf= 1.86oC/m×2.7 ×0.10  m

  Tf= 0.50oC

To calculate the freezing point aqueous solution of MgCl2, we subtract Tf from the freezing point of pure water i.e.0.0oC.

Tf (aq.  MgCl2)=Tf solvent-  Tf

Tf (aq.  MgCl2)=0.0oC-0.50oC

Tf (aq.  MgCl2)= -0.50oC

2) Freezing point depression of solution of 0.20 m toluene in diethyl ether, i = 1.00,  Kf = 1.790 C/m

The freezing point depression:

Tf= Kf ×i ×m

Tf= 1.79oC/m×1.00 ×0.20  m

  Tf= 0.36oC

To calculate the freezing point aqueous solution of toluene in diethyl ether, we subtract Tf from the freezing point of pure diethyl ether i.e.-116.3 °C.

Tf (toluene in diethyl ether)=Tf solvent-  Tf

Tf (toluene in diethyl ether)=-116.3oC-0.36oC

Tf (toluene in diethyl ether)=-116.66oC

3) Freezing point depression of solution of 0.20 m ethylene glycol in ethanol, i = 1.00,  Kf = 1.990 C/m

The freezing point depression:

Tf= Kf ×i ×m

Tf= 1.99oC/m×1.00 ×0.20  m

  Tf= 0.40oC

To calculate the freezing point aqueous solution of ethylene glycol in ethanol, we subtract Tf from the freezing point of pure ethanol i.e. -114.1°C.

Tf (ethylene glycol in ethanol)=Tf solvent-  Tf

Tf (ethylene glycol in ethanol)=-114.1oC-0.40oC

Tf (ethylene glycol in ethanol)=-114.50oC

So the freezing point of given solutions are

a) Tf (aq.  MgCl2)= -0.50oC

b) Tf (toluene in diethyl ether)=-116.66oC

c) Tf (ethylene glycol in ethanol)=-114.50oC

i.e. Tf (toluene in diethyl ether)< Tf (ethylene glycol in ethanol)< Tf (aq.  MgCl2)

Therefore, the increasing order of freezing point of given solution is,

b) 0.20 m toluene in diethyl ether < c) 0.20  m ethylene glycol in ethanol < a) 0.10 m MgCl2 in water

Conclusion:

Depression in freezing point can be used to find out the freezing point of solution using normal freezing point of pure solvent.

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Chapter 11 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach

Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.12QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.13QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.14QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.15QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.16QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.17QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.18QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.19QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.20QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.21QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.22QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.23QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.24QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.25QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.26QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.27QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.28QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.29QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.30QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.31QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.32QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.33QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.34QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.35QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.36QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.37QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.38QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.39QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.40QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.41QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.42QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.43QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.44QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.45QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.46QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.47QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.48QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.49QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.50QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.51QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.52QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.53QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.54QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.55QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.56QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.57QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.58QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.59QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.60QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.61QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.62QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.63QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.64QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.65QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.66QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.67QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.68QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.69QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.70QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.71QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.72QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.73QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.74QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.75QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.76QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.77QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.78QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.79QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.80QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.81QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.82QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.83QACh. 11 - Prob. 11.84QA
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