EBK BIOLOGY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780133996807
Author: Maier
Publisher: PEARSON CUSTOM PUB.(CONSIGNMENT)
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Chapter 11, Problem 2AAATB
Summary Introduction
To research:
The reason for the evolution of striped zebras from the unstriped zebras.
Introduction:
Natural selection can be defined as an individual’s differential survival and reproduction of individuals as a result of changes in
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Natural selection and artificial selection or selective breeding can both cause changes in animals and plants. The difference between the two is that natural selection happens naturally, but selective breeding only occurs when humans intervene. Changes in genetic traits have occurred over generations through both natural selection and selective breeding although the occur through different means. What characterizes only artificial selection? Choose all that apply.
A) chickens that lay larger eggs are favored
B) selection increases the chances of surviving
C) selection make a species stronger and fit for survival
D) selection favors the desired characters in the new organisms
How might an evolutionary biologist explain why a species of salamander becomes blind after colonizing a cave?
Group of answer choices
Members of the ancestral population that colonized the cave differed in their ability to see. If maintaining the ability to see in the cave was a waste of energy, blind salamanders might actually have more offspring than those who could see.
It is possible that in the cave there is a source of pollution that increases the mutation rate for a gene that makes salamanders blind. Over time, due to exposure to this chemical, the membersof the population lose their sight.
There is no way to explain this in terms of natural selection.
The members of this salamander species no longer needed to use their eyes. Over time, due to lack of use, they lost the ability to see.
Which of the following statements about the grandmother hypothesis is correct?
This is a hypothesis used to explain why grandmothers tend to live longer than grandfathers.
For this hypothesis to work, a grandmother will need to have an antagonistic pleiotropic mutation that extends her lifespan but also lessens her physical activities.
Because grandmothers are older, so they tend to contribute less in a family. That is, grandmothers are usually a drain of resources for a family.
The evolution of monthly menstrual cycle in human females is seen as an example explained by the grandmother hypothesis.
None of the above
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- In the year 2374, humans finally developed the technology necessary for time travel. You are a scientist interested in the population genetics of extinct animals. Taking advantage of this technology advance, you decide to travel back 8 million years to conduct field work in Venezuela. You are studying a population of Phoberomys pattersoni, the world’s largest extinct rodent weighing approximately 700 kg (1500 lbs) and looking vaguely like a giant guinea pig. The coat color of this rodent varies between tan (dominant) and brown (recessive). Assume the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. You observed 336 tan Phoberomys and 64 brown Phoberomys during your study. What is the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype? ________________ What is the allelic frequency of the dominant (tan) allele in the population? ___________ Of the animals you observed, how many were heterozygous? _______________ As you observe the animals you count 200 brown and 450 tan. Conduct a…arrow_forwardn class we investigated the reason cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population in higher frequency than we expected given the deleterious effects of being homozygous at the CFTR gene. We calculated the actual mutation rate of the CFTR gene to be 6.7 x 10-7. The mutation rate expected under mutation-selection balance was 4 x 10-4. What is the most plausible explanation as to why cystic fibrosis is maintained in the human population at a higher frequency than we expect? a. Negative selection against the CFTR deleterious alleles is too weak to eliminate the alleles from the human population. b. Positive selection for the CFTR deleterious alleles is likely occurring in response to some other selective pressure in the human population, possibly resistance to typhoid fever. c. The CFTR gene has an exceedingly low mutation rate causing humans to have no genetic variation at that gene. d. The CFTR gene has an exceedingly high mutation rate and that is…arrow_forward2) Cows were domesticated from wolves approximately 20,000 years ago, likely in Europe . Mutation rates in cows are likely less than 0.005 mutations per genome per cell per generation. At present, over 300 cow breeds, distinct in behavior and appearance, are recognized. The mutation rates are clearly not high enough to account the evolution of all this biological distinctiveness. What accounts for all this variation? Choose all that apply. A) Rare, recessive alleles may have been “hidden” in heterozygotes. B) The characteristics upon which breeds are based may be QTLs. C) The characteristics upon which breeds are based may have a complex genetic architectureinvolving control loci (such as HOX loci) such that seemingly minor changes can have significantdevelopmental effects. D) Lineages corresponding to the different breeds may have been subjected to populationbottlenecks that enabled rapid change in allele frequencies.E) For many dog generations, humans have carefully controlled…arrow_forward
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