Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The expected proportions of
Introduction: The hair color in humans is regulated by two interacting genes. The pigment melanin is present in both types of hair that is brown hair as well as blond hair; however it is present more in brown haired people. Blond hair (b) is recessive to brown hair (B). The synthesis of melanin is coded by another gene having two alleles. The (M) allele allows the synthesis of melanin whereas the (m) allele prevents it. The genotypes (mm) are albino. The pigment melanin is present in both types of hair that is brown hair as well as blond hair; however it is present more in brown haired people. Blond hair (b) is recessive to brown hair (B).
b.
To determine: The expected proportions of phenotypes in children of BbMm ×BbMm.
Introduction: The mating has taken place between two doubly heterozygous individuals. Both of them have a genotype of BbMm that is both will have brown hair gene as well as gene for melanin synthesis.
c.
To determine: The expected proportions of phenotypes in children of BbMm and bbmm.
Introduction: One of the parents have a genotype of BbMm that is will have brown hair gene as well as gene for melanin synthesis and the other parent is albino.
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Biology
- One of the X chromosomes in a particular Drosophila female had a normal order of genes but carried recessive alleles of the genes for yellow body color (y), vermilion eye color (v), and forked bristles (f), as well as the dominant X-linked Bar eye mutation (B). Her other X chromosome carried the wild-type alleles of all four genes, but the region including y+, v+, and f+ (but not B+) was inverted with respect to the normal order of genes. This female was crossed to a wild-type male in the cross diagrammed her. The cross produced the following male offspring: Y v f B 48 y+ v+ f+ B+ 45 y v f B+ 11 y+ v+ f+ B 8 y v f B 1 y+ v+ f+ B+ 1 a. Why are there no male offspring with the allele combinations y v f+, v+ v+ f, y v+ f+, or y+ v f (regardless of the allele of the Bar eye gene)? b.What kinds of crossovers produced the y v f b+ and v+ y+ f+ B offspring? Can you determine any genetic distances from these classed of progeny? c. What kinds of crossovers produced the…arrow_forwardWhich of the following disorders in humans has an X-linked recessive inheritance pattern? a.Hutchinson-Gilford progeria b.Tay-Sachs disease c.Marfan syndrome d.Red-green color blindness Which of the following is described as a structural rearrangement of a chromosome in which a broken piece has become reattached in the wrong location? a.Duplication b.Translocation c.Inversion d.Deletion Which of the following disorders arises from translocation events? a.Huntington’s disease b.Infertility c.Burkitt lymphoma d.Duchenne muscular dystrophyarrow_forwardHow can you determine whether a phenotype such as reduced eyes in fruit flies is due to a recessive mutation or is a phenocopy?arrow_forward
- In mice, the trait for high cholesterol is specified by a dominant allele designated HC, whereas the wild-type allele for normal cholesterol levels is designated hc. Black fur is specified by a recessive allele designated bl, whereas the wild-type allele which gives brown fur is designated BL. The genes for both of these traits are 30cM apart on the same autosome. A brown female (#1) with high cholesterol is mated to a black male (#2) with normal cholesterol. The progeny from this cross include a brown male (#3) with high cholesterol and a black female (#4) with normal cholesterol. What is the probability that the black mouse in the progeny of the first cross will also have high cholesterol?arrow_forwardIn humans, failure to synthesize melanin leads to a condition called albinism. This is a recessive condition. If parents heterozygous (Nn) for normal skin pigmentation give rise to 4 offspring, what is the probability that: a. they will have an albino child? b. the second child is albino? c. they will have all boys with normal pigmentation? d. they will have ONE albino child, no matter the order.arrow_forward"Coat color in rats varies from white to black and includes many shades of gray in between. If the number of different coat colors possible is 9, how many genes are involved? "arrow_forward
- Suppose genetic analysis reveals a serious mutation in a gene in the green region of the left-hand copy of chromosome 9 in this individual. Where would you go look for another allele of this gene in this individual to see whether this individual is homozygous or heterozygous for this mutation?arrow_forwardIn a particular country in sub-Saharan Africa, a medical study revealed that 0.075% of the country's population are suffering from sickle-cell anemia. Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the haemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11. Sickle cell anemia is controlled by a pair of alleles, H and h, where the individuals with the illness have the homozygous recessive genotype; those with normal red blood cells have the alternative genotype. Using the Hardy-Weinberg's equation, calculate the percentage of the population of the two genotypes for normal blood cells. In a few remote areas in that country, the percentage of sickle cell anemia reaches as high as 5%. Calculate the percentage of homozygous and heterozygous individuals with the normal blood cells and find the ratio for both phenotypes.arrow_forwardIt is assumed that in Drosophila the following genotypes produce phenotypes. َA- B- = Red color A- bb = Plum color aa B- = Magenta color aa bb = White color The third latent genotype, cc, kills homozygous Plums, but has no effect on other genotypes. Also, genotype C- does not produce a large phenotype. If first-generation Drosophilas are heterozygous for all of these genes and interbreed, what phenotypic ratios are expected in society?arrow_forward
- Gene Interaction and Epistasis Hair color is due to the presence of melanin. There are two types of melanin produced by melanocytes. One is eumelanin, which is responsible for black (homozygous), brown (heterozygous), and blond (recessive) hair colors. The other is pheomelanin, which is responsible for red hair color. During melanin synthesis, MCR1gene converts pheomelanin to eumelanin. However, a variant of the MCR1 gene (MCR1variant), prevents this conversion. A cross between a blond-haired mother and a red-haired father produced 100% brown-haired children. When they came of age, one child married a double heterozygote, and both were blessed with 7 children; 2 with black hair, 2 with brown hair, 1 with blond hair, and 2 with red hair. Using the 7-step method, determine the genotypes of the P1, the F1, and the F2s. BOX your answers (if handwritten) or HIGHLIGHT your answers (if encoded). STEP 1: ________________________________________________________ STEP 2:…arrow_forwardIn humans, color vision depends on genes encoding three pigments. The R (red pigment) and G (green pigment) genes are close together on the X chromosome, whereas the B (blue pigment) gene is autosomal. A recessive mutation in any one of these genes can cause color blindness. Suppose that a color-blind man married a woman with normal color vision. The four sons from this marriage were color-blind, and the five daughters were normal. Specify the most likely genotypes of both parents and their children, explaining your reasoning. (A pedigree drawing will probably be helpful.) (Problem 50 is by Rosemary Redfield.)arrow_forwardIn mammals, albinism is caused by an autosomal allele that interferes with skin pigment. Early one morning on your way to genetics class, you observe that two normally pigmented javelina parents have an albino piglet. What are the genotypes of the parents? _________________________________ What is the probability that their next five offspring will be albino? __________________________ What is the probability that 3 of the next 7 offspring will be normally colored?______________________ Describe the process by which you would test these normally colored offspring to see if they carried the albinism gene. What are the expected ratios from that test? You want to develop a strain of albino javelina for commercial use (the other really white meat). Describe how you would go about developing that strain starting with the 2 parents and the one albino offspring.arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning