Concept explainers
An elusive intermediate of atmospheric reactions of HONO may be nitrosyl O-hydroxide, HOON. Electronic structure calculations seem to indicate that HOON is best represented by a combination of three resonance structures, with major contribution from a radical-pair structure (involving HO and NO radicals), significant contribution from a molecular structure, and a small contribution from an ion-pair structure (involving
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 11 Solutions
EBK GENERAL CHEMISTRY
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
Introduction to Chemistry
Chemistry (7th Edition)
Chemistry: The Central Science (13th Edition)
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (12th Edition) - Standalone book
- There is persuasive evidence for the brief existence of the unstable molecule OPCl. (a) Draw a Lewis diagram for this molecule in which the octet rule is satisfied on all atoms and the formal charges on all atoms are zero. (b) The compound OPCl reacts with oxygen to give O2PCl. Draw a Lewis diagram of O2PCl for which all formal charges are equal to zero. Draw a Lewis diagram in which the octet rule is satisfied on all atoms.arrow_forwardThe ionisation energy of potassium is 4.34 eV and the electron affinity of chlorine is 3.61 eV. The Madelung constant for the KCl structure is 1.748 and the closest distance between ions of opposite sign is 0.314 nm. On the basis of these data, calculate the cohesive energy of KCl. Compare this with the observed cohesive energy of 6.42 eV for the ion pair and comment on the reasons for any discrepancyarrow_forward(ii) Construct and label a Born-Haber cycle for strontium difluoride, SrF2. Calculate the lattice energy of SrF2 using the following data: First electron affinity of fluoride =–328.0 kJ mol"1 First ionization energy of strontium = 549.0 kJ mol" Second ionization energy of strontium = 1064.0 kJ mol"! Enthalpy of atomization of fluoride = 75.3 kJ mol" Enthalpy of atomization of strontium = 164.0 kJ mol"! Enthalpy of formation of strontium difluoride = -1224.4 kJ mol"!arrow_forward
- Acetylene 1C2H22 and nitrogen 1N22 both contain a triplebond, but they differ greatly in their chemical properties.(a) Write the Lewis structures for the two substances. (b) Byreferring to Appendix C, look up the enthalpies of formationof acetylene and nitrogen. Which compound is more stable?(c) Write balanced chemical equations for the completeoxidation of N2 to form N2O51g2 and of acetylene to formCO21g2 and H2O1g2. (d) Calculate the enthalpy of oxidationper mole for N2 and for C2H2 (the enthalpy of formationof N2O51g2 is 11.30 kJ>mol). (e) Both N2 and C2H2 possesstriple bonds with quite high bond enthalpies (Table 8.3).Calculate the enthalpy of hydrogenation per mole for bothcompounds: acetylene plus H2 to make methane, CH4;nitrogen plus H2 to make ammonia, NH3.arrow_forwardIf the first, second and third bond dissociation enthalpies of methane are +420, +475, and +421 KJmol-l, respectively, calculate the fourth. How do you account for the fact that; ammonium nitrate is readily soluble in water even though the standard enthalpy of solution has a positive value? although the enthalpy of combustion of cane sugar is about -6000 KJmol-l cane sugar is not observed to oxidise in air at ordinary temperature?arrow_forwardFrom their Lewis structures, determine the number of sand p bonds in each of the following molecules or ions:(a) CO2; (b) cyanogen, 1CN22; (c) formaldehyde, H2CO;(d) formic acid, HCOOH, which has one H and two O atomsattached to C.arrow_forward
- 18 19 20 21 22 23 A student proposes the following Lewis structure for the nitronium (NO₂) i ion. [0=N=0:1 Assign a formal charge to each atom in the student's Lewis structure. atom formal charge left O 1 N 0 right O 7 Kindergarten O....docx Continue Two Column N....pages X ✓ C. Grey Black and B....pdf 24 25 ©2022 M Grey Black and B....parrow_forward(a) Compare the bond enthalpies (Table 8.3) of the carbon–carbon single, double, and triple bonds to deduce an averageπ -bond contribution to the enthalpy. What fraction ofa single bond does this quantity represent? (b) Make a similarcomparison of nitrogen–nitrogen bonds. What do youobserve? (c) Write Lewis structures of N2H4, N2H2, and N2,and determine the hybridization around nitrogen in eachcase. (d) Propose a reason for the large difference in yourobservations of parts (a) and (b).arrow_forwardUse the bond enthaplies in this table to determine triangleH for the formafion of hydrazine, N2H4, according to this equation.arrow_forward
- (9) Explain the origin of resonance structures in Lewis structure using specific example (10) Account for the decreasing values of bond angle from 107º in NH3 to 91º in SbH3 down the group 15 elements of the periodic table.arrow_forwardBased on average bond enthalpies, would you expect a photon capable ofdissociating a C¬Cl bond to have sufficient energy to dissociate a C¬Br bond?arrow_forwardHello, I want the answer in clear handwriting, please. In which of the following molecules is it necessary to invoke charge-separated resonance structures in order that the central atom obeys the octet rule: (a) H2S; (b) HCN; (c) SO2; (d) AsF5; (e) [BF4]¯; (f) CO2; (g) BRF3.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning