SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260172195
Author: VanPutte
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 11, Problem 6CT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
Whether acetylcholine, curare, or potassium chloride would be preferred to save a dog who ingests organophosphate poison.
Introduction:
Organophosphate compounds act as commercial insecticides. They are used in chemical warfare as aerosols or dust. They are quickly taken up by the skin and mucous membrane and can be inhaled.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 11.1 - List and give examples of the general functions of...Ch. 11.2 - Name the components of the CNS and the PNS.Ch. 11.2 - What are the following: sensory receptor, nerve,...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the direction they transmit action...Ch. 11.2 - Based on the structures they supply, what are the...Ch. 11.2 - Where are the cell bodies of sensory, somatic...Ch. 11.2 - What are the subcategories of the ANS?Ch. 11.2 - Compare the general functions of the CNS and the...Ch. 11.3 - Describe and give the function of a neuron cell...Ch. 11.3 - What is the function of the trigger zone?
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 11.3 - Describe the three types of neurons based on...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 11.3 - What characteristic makes glial cells different...Ch. 11.3 - Which glial cells are found in the CNS? In the...Ch. 11.3 - Which type of glial cell Supports neurons and...Ch. 11.3 - Name the different kinds of glial cells that ore...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 18AYPCh. 11.3 - How do myelinated axons differ from unmyelinated...Ch. 11.4 - What makes up gray matter and white matter?Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe the concentration differences for Na+ and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 11.5 - Describe leak ion channels and go ted ion...Ch. 11.5 - Define ligand, receptor, and receptor site.Ch. 11.5 - What kinds of stimuli cause gated ion channels to...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 27AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 28AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 29AYPCh. 11.5 - What happens to cause depolarization and...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 31AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 32AYPCh. 11.5 - How does on action potential differ from a local...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 34AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 35AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 36AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 37AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 38AYPCh. 11.5 - What is action potential frequency? What two...Ch. 11.5 - Describe sub-threshold threshold, maximal,...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 41AYPCh. 11.5 - What prevents on action potential from reversing...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 43AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 44AYPCh. 11.5 - Prob. 45AYPCh. 11.6 - What are the components of a synapse? What is the...Ch. 11.6 - What is on electrical synapse? Describe its...Ch. 11.6 - Describe the release of neurotransmitter In a...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 49AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 50AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 51AYPCh. 11.6 - Explain the production of EPSPs and IPSPs. Why are...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 53AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 54AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 55AYPCh. 11.6 - Prob. 56AYPCh. 11.7 - Diagram a convergent pathway, a divergent pathway,...Ch. 11 - The part of the nervous system that controls...Ch. 11 - Motor neurons and interneurons are _______...Ch. 11 - Cells found in the choroid plexuses that secrete...Ch. 11 - Glial cells that are phagocytic within the central...Ch. 11 - Action potentials are conducted more rapidly In...Ch. 11 - Clusters of neuron cell bodies within the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7RACCh. 11 - Prob. 8RACCh. 11 - Compared with the inside of the resting plasma...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RACCh. 11 - Prob. 11RACCh. 11 - If the permeability of the plasma membrane to K+...Ch. 11 - Decreasing the extracellular concentration of K+...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14RACCh. 11 - Which of these statements about ion movement...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16RACCh. 11 - Graded potentials a. spread over the plasma...Ch. 11 - During the depolarization phase of an action...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19RACCh. 11 - Prob. 20RACCh. 11 - Prob. 21RACCh. 11 - Neurotransmitter substances are stored in vesicles...Ch. 11 - In a chemical synapse, Action potentials in the...Ch. 11 - An inhibitory presynaptic neuron can affect a...Ch. 11 - Summation Is caused by combining two or more...Ch. 11 - In convergent pathways. a. the response of the...Ch. 11 - A child eats a whole bottle of salt (NaCl)...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CTCh. 11 - Prob. 3CTCh. 11 - Prob. 4CTCh. 11 - The speed of action potential propagation and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6CTCh. 11 - Strychnine blocks receptor sites for inhibitory...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8CTCh. 11 - Prob. 9CTCh. 11 - Prob. 10CT
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- You have isolated a neurotoxin from a newly discovered snake species. When you administer the toxin to brain tissue, you can no longer record an excitatory postsynaptic potential after you experimentally stimulate the presynaptic neuron. a. Draw what the experimental setup would look like. Also include a picture of the recording you would get from the postsynaptic neuron after the presynaptic stimulation before and after the administration of the toxin. Label your figures completely and label all axes.arrow_forwardWhich part of the phosphatidylcholine molecule would be the most negatively-charged? the fatty acid group the trimethylamine group the glycerol group the phosphate group the choline grouparrow_forwardCaffeine and nicotine have excitatory effects because they: reduce the threshold for excitation increase the threshold for excitation open potassium ion leakage channels open chemically-gated chloride ion channels close chemically-gated calcium ion channels ( explain deeply with step by step type the answer).arrow_forward
- The neuotransmitter acetylcholine is released from presynaptic neurons in response to a nerve impulse and diffuses across the synaptic cleft or neuromuscular junction to a receptor on another neuron or a muscle cell. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a pentamer containing four types of subunits, α2βγδ. Place the following in the correct order, from the release of acetylcholine from a neuron to receptor resensitization.arrow_forwardIn the disease myasthenia gravis, the human body makes—by mistake— antibodies to its own acetylcholine receptor molecules. These antibodies bind to and inactivate acetylcholine receptors on the plasma membrane of muscle cells. The disease leads to a devastating progressive weakening of the people affected. early on, they may have difficulty opening their eyelids, for example, and, in an animal model of the disease, rabbits have difficulty holding their ears up. As the disease progresses, most muscles weaken, and people with myasthenia gravis have difficulty speaking and swallowing. eventually, impaired breathing can cause death. explain which step of muscle function is affected.arrow_forwardcompare small molecule neurotransmitters to neuropeptides Select one: a. neuropeptides are synthesized as large peptide molecules that are cleaved to form smaller peptides; neurotransmitters are modified amino acids b. neuropeptides bind to metabotropic receptors; neurotransmitters bind to ionotropic or metabotropic receptors c. neuropeptides are slower to replenish in the axon terminal than neurotransmitters d. all of these are valid comparisons e. neuropeptides are released by cells that express the peptide gene; neurotransmitters are released by cells that express the synthetic enzymes required to convert amino acid precursorsarrow_forward
- What is the main source of the electrical potentials recorded from the scalp of a human subject? In other words, what are brainwaves /EEG? The natural current found in skin The movements of our eyes The summated activity of nerve cell action potentials and postsynaptic potentials The signals generated by the contraction of muscle fibers that lie under the scalp 2) A hyperpolarization/inhibition would be caused by which of the following? opening of chloride channels closing of chloride channels opening of sodium channels closing of sodium channelsarrow_forwardWhich part of the phosphatidylcholine molecule would be the most non-polar (hydrophobic)? the trimethylamine group the phosphate group the fatty acid group the glycerol group the choline grouparrow_forwardThe venom of some cobras contains a mixture of substances that have a variety of physiological effects. One substance in the venom works by preventing acetylcholine from binding to muscle receptors. Which of the following describes the effect of the venom on the prey of the cobra? Question 5 options: Muscle contractions are prevented, causing paralysis. Muscle contractions occur, but refractory periods would be longer. Action potentials are continuously generated, causing tetanus. Weak muscle contractions occur but are limited by ATP production by glycolysis.arrow_forward
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