IA MODIFIED MASTERING BIOLOGY WITH E TEX
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780136781752
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 11.1, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction
To determine: If a cell-free mixture of epinephrine, glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen would produce glucose-1-phosphate.
Introduction:
Cell signaling requires a good amount of enzymes, precursor and intermediate products that lead to the production of the desired substrate. This cannot be achieved in a cell-free environment because of the absence of the required intermediates.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
is this stement false?
Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: Fructose-6-phosphate (1.0 mM)Fructose-(1-6)-bisphosphate (10.0 mM)AMP (0.1 mM)ADP (0.5 mM)ATP (5.0 mM)Pi (10.0 mM)Under the above conditions the Phosphofructokinase reaction in muscle is more exergonic than under standard conditions.
Which statements are true? Explain why or why not.1 All second messengers are water-soluble and dif-fuse freely through the cytosol.2 In the regulation of molecular switches, proteinkinases and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs)always turn proteins on, whereas protein phosphatasesand GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) always turn pro-teins off.3 Most intracellular signaling pathways providenumerous opportunities for amplifying the responses toextracellular signals.4 Binding of extracellular ligands to receptor tyro-sine kinases (RTKs) activates the intracellular catalyticdomain by propagating a conformational change acrossthe lipid bilayer through a single transmembrane α helix.5 Protein tyrosine phosphatases display exquisitespecificity for their substrates, unlike most serine/thre-onine protein phosphatases, which have rather broadspecificity.6 Even though plants and animals independentlyevolved multicellularity, they use virtually all the same sig-naling proteins and second…
. Intracellular concentrations in resting muscle are as follows: fructose-
6-phosphate, 1.0 mM; fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, 10 mM; AMP, 0.1
mM; ADP, 0.5 mM; ATP, 5 mM; and P;, 10 mM. Is the phosphofruc-
tokinase reaction in muscle more or less exergonic than under stan-
dard conditions? By how much?
Chapter 11 Solutions
IA MODIFIED MASTERING BIOLOGY WITH E TEX
Ch. 11.1 - Explain how signaling is involved in ensuring that...Ch. 11.1 - In liver cells, glycogen Phosphorylase acts in...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.2 - WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell made...Ch. 11.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is ligand binding similar to...Ch. 11.3 - What is a protein kinase, and what is its role in...Ch. 11.3 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 11.3 - What is the actual signal that is being transduced...Ch. 11.3 - WHAT IF? If you exposed a cell to a ligand that...
Ch. 11.4 - How can a targct cell's response to a single...Ch. 11.4 - WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.5 - Give an example of apoptosis during embryonic...Ch. 11.5 - WH AT IF? If apoptosis occurred when it should...Ch. 11 - What determines whether a cell responds to a...Ch. 11 - How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK...Ch. 11 - What is the difference between a protein kinase...Ch. 11 - What mechanisms in the cell terminale its response...Ch. 11 - What is an explanation for the similarities...Ch. 11 - Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of...Ch. 11 - The activation of receptor tyrosinc kinases is...Ch. 11 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 11 - Consider this pathway: epinephrine G...Ch. 11 - Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?...Ch. 11 - Which Observation suggestcd to Sutherland the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 11 - DRAW IT Draw the following apoptotic pathway,...Ch. 11 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Identify the evolutlonary...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 11 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY The aging process...Ch. 11 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties...Ch. 11 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE There are five basic...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- BONUS QUESTION! In neurons, the proteolytic enzyme y-secretase produces the Aß amyloid peptides shown below. The AB40 peptide is thought to play a protective role in the neuron. However, the AB42 peptide appears to be toxic since it is found in the amyloid plaques that cause Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AB40 and AB42 are identical, except that AB42 contains two extra amino acid residues (shown in red) at the C-terminal end. Based on your knowledge of amino acids and proteins, which of the following factors is most likely to explain the greater plaque-forming activity of AB42 compared to AB40? Sequence of Aß40: DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVV Sequence of AB42: DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQKLVFFAEDVGSNKGAIIGLMVGGVVIA O The greater length of AB42 makes it more likely to aggregate and form plaques. O AB42 has a lower pl than AB40, which makes it more likely to aggregate at physiological pH. O AB42 is more hydrophobic than AB40, which makes it harder to clear from the cell and thus more likely to…arrow_forwardQ3 Calculate the actual, physiological AG for the reaction Phosphocreatine Creatine NH--PO3 HN=c NCH,-CO0 NH2 NH=c. HNCH2- COO ČH3 Creatine ADP phosphokinase АТР At 37 °C, as it occurs in the cytosol of neurons, with phosphocreatine at 4.7 mM, creatine at 1.0 mM, ADP at 0.73 mM and ATP at 2.6 mM. HINT: AG° = 30.5 kJ/mol AG° = -43.0 kJ/mol ADP + Pi -> ATP + H,0 Phosphocreatine + H2O -> creatine + Piarrow_forward+ Predict the effects of the following on the flux through the listed pathways. Mark whether the rate of each will increase (+), decrease (-), or remain the same (0). If liver and muscle do not have the same pattern, indicate both in the box and mark them with L (liver) or M (muscle). Alteration Flux through Example: organism is dead Glucagon is released in the body F-2,6-BP levels are high A large amount of sugar is eaten A fight or flight response occurs (epinephrine is released) NADPH levels are low and glucose levels are high glycolytic pathway Flux through Krebs cycle Flux Flux through through Gluconeogenesis PPP Flux through Glycogenesisarrow_forward
- WHAT IF? What would happen if a mutationin protein kinase 2 made it incapable of beingphosphorylated?arrow_forwardBIOC 384 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Q8.1: Explain why a glycine residue at position 12 of the G protein Ras is only active in the presence of growth factors but Ras with an aspartate residue at the same position is oncogenic (can cause cancer).arrow_forwardQ2. A critical feature of all signalling cascades is that they must be turned off rapidly when the extracellular signal is removed. Examine the signalling cascade the figure below. Describe how each component of this signalling pathway is returned to its inactive state when the ligand is removed. adrenaline adenytyt cyclase CYTOSOL GDP GTP ATP dissociated R-subunit of PKA CAMP inactive PKA active PKA phaspharylase kinase glycogen phosphorylase G1P GLYCOGENarrow_forward
- BIOC 384 G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Signaling Q.7.3: Glucagon and epinephrine both signal stress, which would be low blood glucose levels or acute danger, respectively. Describe the upstream signaling pathways that would be activated in liver cells if you were hungry from a long hike in Sabino Canyon and came across the biggest rattlesnake you had ever seen right in front of you on the trail.arrow_forwardIn expressing therapeutic proteins (check all that apply): O Bacteria could be used if you want the protein's disulfide bonds formed before secretion from the bacterial cell. The N-terminal signal sequence and the C chain of insulin must be cleaved off in the rough ER before it's active. O Proteolytic protein maturation can be performed by mammalian cells. □ One of the required modifications to preproinsulin, before it's mature, is glycosylation. Both preproinsulin and proinsulin are inactive proteins.arrow_forwardPlease ASAP. THankyou. Question 17 If you completely inhibit the Na+/K+ ATPase, which of the following would you most likely observe? Decrease in Na+/Ca++ exchanger activity The Nernst potential for K+ would become more positive Intracellular Na+ concentration would increase All of the abovearrow_forward
- . The transition temperatures of the following membranes are -36°C, 23°C, and 41°C. Which membrane correlates with which transition temperature? Explain your answer. Membrane 1) made from entirely phosphatidylcholine and stearate fatty acids Membrane 2) made from entirely phosphatidylcholine and oleate fatty acids Membrane 3) made from entirely phosphatidylcholine and palmitate fatty acidsarrow_forward.Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate con- centration is about 10 mM. If ADP is five times more abundant than AMP, calculate the molar concentrations of ADP and AMP at an energy charge of 0.85. Calculate AG for ATP hydrolysis at 37 °C under these conditions. The energy charge is the concentration of ATP plus half the concentration of ADP divided by the total adenine nucleotide concentration: [ATP] + 1/2[ADP] [ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]arrow_forwardAnomers can be interconverted.... -by an isotopic exchange reaction -by rotation about carbon-carbon bonds -Both A and B -Neither A nor B What is the consequence of complete inhibition of all mutases in liver cells? -Liver cannot provide free glucose to maintain blood glucose levels -Glycogen synthesis is disrupted -Glycerol cannot be converted to glucose -The only fate of glucose-6-phosphate is to be converted to fructose-6-phosphatearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning