Economics Plus MyLab Economics with Pearson eText (2-semester Access) -- Access Card Package (6th Edition) (The Pearson Series in Economics)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134417295
Author: R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O'Brien
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11.A, Problem 4PA
To determine
Isoquant- Isocost line graph
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Draw a graph showing a set of isoquants that depict capital and labor to be perfect complements (not substitutable at all) in a production function that exhibits constant returns to scale. Be sure to label the input and output levels on the isoquants.
For each of the following examples, draw a representative isoquant. What can you say about the marginal rate of technical substitution in each case?
a) A firm finds that it can always trade two units of labor for one unit of capital and still keep output constant.
b) A firm requires exactly two full-time workers to operate each piece of machinery in the factory.
When analyzing isoquants, if the marginal product of all inputs double, how would that change the input mix you would use to produce a given level of output?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Economics Plus MyLab Economics with Pearson eText (2-semester Access) -- Access Card Package (6th Edition) (The Pearson Series in Economics)
Ch. 11.A - Prob. 1RQCh. 11.A - Prob. 2RQCh. 11.A - Prob. 3RQCh. 11.A - Prob. 4PACh. 11.A - Prob. 5PACh. 11.A - Prob. 6PACh. 11.A - Prob. 7PACh. 11.A - Prob. 8PACh. 11.A - Prob. 9PACh. 11.A - Prob. 10PA
Ch. 11.A - Prob. 11PACh. 11.A - Prob. 12PACh. 11.A - Prob. 13PACh. 11.A - Prob. 14PACh. 11.A - Prob. 15PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.1.1RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.1.2RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.1.3PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.1.4PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.1.5PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.1RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.2RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.3RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.4RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.5PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.6PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.7PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.8PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.9PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.10PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.11PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.2.12PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.3.1RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.3.2RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.3.3RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.3.4PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.3.5PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.3.6PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.3.7PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.3.8PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.3.9PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.3.10PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.1RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.2RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.3RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.4PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.5PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.6PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.7PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.8PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.9PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.4.10PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.1RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.2RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.3PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.4PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.5PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.6PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.7PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.8PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.5.9PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.6.1RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.6.2RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.6.3RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.6.4RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.6.5RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11.6.6PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.6.7PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.6.8PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.6.9PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.6.10PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.6.11PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.6.12PACh. 11 - Prob. 11.6.13PA
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- What is the difference between a fixed input and a variable input?arrow_forwardExhibited in the table below are the two isoquants and the isocost for a hypothetical firm A B C D E F Labor 40 28 18 10 4 0 Capital 1 2 3 4 5 6 Labor 80 38 28 20 14 10 Capital 1 2 3 4 5 6 Labor (P2/unit) 25 20 15 10 5 0 Capital (P5/unit) 0 2 4 6 8 10 In a single graph, please perform the following: A. Draw the Isoquant curve B. Draw the isocost C. Identify the optimal point which is tangent to the isoquant line. Please mark the spot as X. D. How many units of capital and labor is the optimal combinationarrow_forwardThe following table gives the output achievable for various combinations of inputs. There are only two inputs used in production, labour and capital. labor input capital input 1 2 3 4 5 1 20 40 55 60 65 2 40 50 65 70 75 3 55 65 75 80 85 4 60 70 80 90 95 5 65 75 85 95 100 Explain the meaning of an isoquant . Draw the isoquants for the output level of 65 and 75 on the same graph.Define and explain the returns to scale for production with those inputs given above table.arrow_forward
- The fast food company Schnabb uses labor and capital to produce its product. Holding the production fixed, what is the effect of a lower price of capital on the ratio between the number of workers and the amount of capital used? Explain using isocosts and an isoquant.arrow_forwardFrisbees are produced according to the production function q = 2K+Lwhere q =output of frisbees per hour, K =capital input per hour, L =labor input per hour. a) If K = 10, how much L is needed to produce 100 frisbees per hour? b) If K = 25, how much L is needed to produce 100 frisbees per hour? c) Graph the q = 100 isoquant. Indicate the points on that isoquantd defined in part a and part b. What is the RTS along this isoquant? Explain why the RTS is the same at every point on the isoquant.arrow_forwardPrunella raises peaches. She uses L units of labor, and T units of land to produce peaches. Her production function is f(L, T)= L1/2T 1/2 A: Write the equation and plot the isoquant for the output quantity 4. B: What is the returns to scale of this production function? C: Find the marginal products of labor and land. What is the rate of technical substitution between land and labor? D: In the short-run, Prunella cannot vary the amount of land she uses. Plot the output as a function of labor only for the fixed level of land of T=1. E: Find the marginal product of labor from L=4 and show it on the graph. Is the marginal product of labor diminishing, constant or increasing in labor? F: Suppose wages are constant and equal w, fixed costs are zero. Find the short-run profit maximizing level of labor for T=1. Please see the attached photoarrow_forward
- Isoquant curves and isocost curves are tools that can explain how a firm might best respond to changes in the production environment. Present an example of an isocost curve where labor and capital are the two inputs, and explain what it is using language someone not trained in economics could understand. Present an example of an isoquant in the same diagram you used for your isocost curve, and draw the isoquant so it cuts the isocost curve twice. Explain what an isoquant is using language someone not trained in economics could understand. Label the two points A and B, where the isocost and isoquant curves intersect. Present a logical argument that explains why the firm should operate neither at point A nor point B, and present a point that would be optimal by drawing a new isoquant curve in the diagram. Add a second isocost curve to your diagram such that the firm is spending more money on inputs. Add a third isoquant to your diagram to show a firm that would become more capital…arrow_forwardWhat is technical rate of substitution? Show it graphically.arrow_forwardUse the Cobb-Douglas production function to show that when the number of units of labor and the number of units of capital are doubled, the production level is also doubled.arrow_forward
- Q5. Jason is running a cleaning business, there are available labours (L) and machines (M) for Jason to use as inputs to produce cleaning service for his clients. a) Suppose Jason must use both labours and machines without any specific ratio to complete the service for his clients, please write down the general production function formula for Jason. hint: you could use any letter if you want] b) Under the function form of a), assume Jason's Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution (MRTSL, M) equals to 2, how do you interpret it? c) Assume Jason now can use only single input, either labour or machine to complete the service, please write down the general production function formula for Jason. hint: you could use any letter if you want] d) Under the function form of c), assume Jason's Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution (MRTSL, M) is always larger than the market price ratio between labour and machine (w/r), what should Jason do? why?arrow_forwardAlex uses wool (K) and labour (L) to produce t-shirts (q). The production function is: q = min{L/4, K^0.8}.If he uses 1 kg of wool and 3 hours of labour, he can produce 1 t-shirt.1. Draw isoquants for q = 1, q = 2 and q = 3 on a diagram with labour on horizontal axis and wool on vertical. 2. Given that the price of labour is w=$10 and the price of each kg of wool is p=$6What is the optimal amount of labour and fruit to use to produce q T-shirts, if she wants to minimise costs? Draw on the diagram from 1.) by with corresponding isocost linesarrow_forwardDraw the total physical product curve on graph below. . Beyond what number of workers do diminishing returns set in? Fill in the table on the previous page to show the values of APP and MPP in columns (3) and (4) respectively. (Remember that the MPP values should be between each unit of labour.) Draw the APP and MPP curves on the grapharrow_forward
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