Concept explainers
In some barbecue grills the electric lighter consists of a small hammer-like device striking a small crystal, which generates voltage and causes a spark between wires that are attached to opposite surfaces of the crystal. The phenomenon of causing an electric potential through
mechanical stress is known as the piezoelectric effect. One type of crystal that exhibits the piezoelectric effect is lead zirconate titanate. In this perovskite crystal structure, a titanium(IV) ion sits in the middle of a tetragonal unit cell with dimensions of
- How many oxygen ions are in the unit cell?
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 12 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
- • describe the arrangement of atoms in the common cubic crystal lattices and calculate the packing efficiency for a lattice.arrow_forwardMetallic barium has a body-centered cubic structure (all atoms at the lattice points) and a density of 3.51 g/cm3. Assume barium atoms to be spheres. The spheres in a body-centered array occupy 68.0% of the total space. Find the atomic radius of barium. (See Problem 11.93.)arrow_forwardA compound of cadmium, tin, and phosphorus is used in the fabrication of some semiconductors. It crystallizes with cadmium occupying one-fourth of the tetrahedral holes and tin occupying one-fourth of the tetrahedral holes in a closest packed array of phosphide ions. What is the formula of the compound? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- An amorphous solid can sometimes be converted to a crystalline solid by a process called annealing. Annealing consists of heating the substance to a temperature just below the melting point of the crystalline form and then cooling it slowly. Explain why this process helps produce a crystalline solid.arrow_forwardExplain why X rays can be used to measure atomic distancesin crystals but visible light cannot be used for this purpose.arrow_forwardwhy most minerals have ordered internal lattice structure yet this attribute does not influence their external formarrow_forward
- A mystery metal has a bcc crystal structure, a density of 6.54g/cm3, and an atomic weight of 35.4g/mol. What is the atomic radius of the metal?arrow_forwardMetal X has an edge length of 4.1303 Å and a diameter of 2.92 Å. Assume that there is one atom per lattice point, determine the crystal structure of metal X.arrow_forwardDefine the term cubic closest packing?arrow_forward
- Which of the situations below is unlikely? a. When a strip of zinc is placed for some minutes in a solution of CuS04 the blue color fades away.b. A solution of ZnC12 stored in an aluminum container was found to be impurec. Copper pipes are less appropriate to use in laboratories than iron and lead pipes.d. A magnesium bar is attached to a buried iron pipe to protect the pipe from corrosion Most of the metals possess a face-centered crystal structure. Which of the following statements is not true about the structure? a. Each third layer sphere fits into a depression that is directly over a depression in the first layerb. It has a density lower than scc and bcc.c. It has a packing efficiency (74%) greater than scc and bcc.d. The atoms at the four corners of a face all "touch" the atom at the center of that face, but the atoms at the corners do not touch one anotherarrow_forwardWhy does CsCl present a body-centered cubic lattice and explain it with a diagram?arrow_forwardThe rutile and fluorite structures, shown here (anions arecolored green), are two of the most common structure typesof ionic compounds where the cation to anion ratio is 1 : 2.(a) For CaF2 and ZnF2 use ionic radii, Ca2+ (r = 1.14 A° ),Zn2+ (r = 0.88 A° ), and F- (r = 1.19 A° ), to predict whichcompound is more likely to crystallize with the fluoritestructure and which with the rutile structure. (b) What arethe coordination numbers of the cations and anions in eachof these structures?arrow_forward
- Chemical Principles in the LaboratoryChemistryISBN:9781305264434Author:Emil Slowinski, Wayne C. Wolsey, Robert RossiPublisher:Brooks ColeChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax