In some barbecue grills the electric lighter consists of a small hammer-like device striking a small crystal, which generates voltage and causes a spark between wires that are attached to opposite surfaces of the crystal. The phenomenon of causing an electric potential through mechanical stress is known as the piezoelectric effect. One type of crystal that exhibits the piezoelectric effect is lead zirconate titanate. In this perovskite crystal structure, a titanium(IV) ion sits in the middle of a tetragonal unit cell with dimensions of 0 .403 nm × 0 .398 nm × 0 .398 nm . At each corner is a lead(II) ion, and at the center of each face is an oxygen anion. Some of the Ti(IV) are replaced by Zr(IV). This substitution, along with Pb(ll), results in the piezoelectic behavior . How many oxygen ions are in the unit cell? How many lead(II) ions are in the unit cell? How many titanium(IV) ions are in the unit cell? What is the density of the unit cell?
In some barbecue grills the electric lighter consists of a small hammer-like device striking a small crystal, which generates voltage and causes a spark between wires that are attached to opposite surfaces of the crystal. The phenomenon of causing an electric potential through mechanical stress is known as the piezoelectric effect. One type of crystal that exhibits the piezoelectric effect is lead zirconate titanate. In this perovskite crystal structure, a titanium(IV) ion sits in the middle of a tetragonal unit cell with dimensions of 0 .403 nm × 0 .398 nm × 0 .398 nm . At each corner is a lead(II) ion, and at the center of each face is an oxygen anion. Some of the Ti(IV) are replaced by Zr(IV). This substitution, along with Pb(ll), results in the piezoelectic behavior . How many oxygen ions are in the unit cell? How many lead(II) ions are in the unit cell? How many titanium(IV) ions are in the unit cell? What is the density of the unit cell?
Solution Summary: The author explains that the number of oxygen ions present in the unit cell should be calculated.
In some barbecue grills the electric lighter consists of a small hammer-like device striking a small crystal, which generates voltage and causes a spark between wires that are attached to opposite surfaces of the crystal. The phenomenon of causing an electric potential through mechanical stress is known as the piezoelectric effect. One type of crystal that exhibits the piezoelectric effect is lead zirconate titanate. In this perovskite crystal structure, a titanium(IV) ion sits in the middle of a tetragonal unit cell with dimensions of
0
.403 nm × 0
.398 nm × 0
.398 nm
. At each corner is a lead(II) ion, and at the center of each face is an oxygen anion. Some of the Ti(IV) are replaced by Zr(IV). This substitution, along with Pb(ll), results in the piezoelectic behavior .
Use the Born-Mayer equation to estimate the lattice enthalpy of calcium sulfide, CaS. The crystal adopts a rocksalt structure with the distance between the centres of nearest neighbours being 284 pm.
The elements xenon and gold both have solid-state structures consisting of cubic close-packing arrangements of atoms. Yet Xe melts at -112℃ and gold melts at 1064℃. Account for these greatly different melting points.
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Unit Cell Chemistry Simple Cubic, Body Centered Cubic, Face Centered Cubic Crystal Lattice Structu; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCWwRh5CXYU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY