Chapter 12, Problem 12.18QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The types of attractive forces that must be overcome to melt or boil or dissociate the following compounds have to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Melting point: The temperature at which a solid substance melts to become a liquid is called melting point. Melting point of a compound is affected by the relative Strength of intermolecular force.

Boiling point: The temperature at which a liquid substance boils to become a gaseous is called boiling point. Boiling point of a compound is affected by the relative Strength of intermolecular force.

Intermolecular force: the attractive force that withholds two molecules is called asintermolecular force. The influence of intermolecular forces depends onmolar mass and the functional group present in the molecule.

Decreasing order of Strength of intermolecular forces:

$\text{ionic >hydrogen bonding>dipole-dipole interaction>Vander Waals dispersion force}$.

The influence of intermolecular forces depends on the functional group present in the molecule.

Hydrogen boding: The attractive force that holds two polar molecules (containing Hydrogen and highly electronegative atom, such as N, O, or F) is called as hydrogen boding. This isalso called as intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

The hydrogen bonding takes place within a molecule is called as intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

Dispersion forces: The attractive force that holds two nonpolar moleculeswith help of temporary dipole moment present in them is called as dispersion forces.

Freedom of electrons to move around a nonpolar molecule, at any given point of time makes unequal distribution of electron density in the molecule. The molecule gets temporary(instantaneous) dipole moment

Dipole-Dipole Interactions: The attractive force that holds two polar moleculeswith help of dipole moment present in them is called as Dipole-Dipole Interactions

The partial positive charge end of one molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge of a neighboring molecule.

To identify: The types of attractive forces that must be overcome to melt ice have to be identified.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The types of attractive forces that must be overcome to melt or boil or dissociate the following compounds have to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Melting point: The temperature at which a solid substance melts to become a liquid is called melting point. Melting point of a compound is affected by the relative Strength of intermolecular force.

Boiling point: The temperature at which a liquid substance boils to become a gaseous is called boiling point. Boiling point of a compound is affected by the relative Strength of intermolecular force.

Intermolecular force: the attractive force that withholds two molecules is called asintermolecular force. The influence of intermolecular forces depends onmolar mass and the functional group present in the molecule.

Decreasing order of Strength of intermolecular forces:

$\text{ionic >hydrogen bonding>dipole-dipole interaction>Vander Waals dispersion force}$.

The influence of intermolecular forces depends on the functional group present in the molecule.

Hydrogen boding: The attractive force that holds two polar molecules (containing Hydrogen and highly electronegative atom, such as N, O, or F) is called as hydrogen boding. This isalso called as intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

The hydrogen bonding takes place within a molecule is called as intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

Dispersion forces: The attractive force that holds two nonpolar moleculeswith help of temporary dipole moment present in them is called as dispersion forces.

Freedom of electrons to move around a nonpolar molecule, at any given point of time makes unequal distribution of electron density in the molecule. The molecule gets temporary(instantaneous) dipole moment

Dipole-Dipole Interactions: The attractive force that holds two polar moleculeswith help of dipole moment present in them is called as Dipole-Dipole Interactions

The partial positive charge end of one molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge of a neighboring molecule.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The types of attractive forces that must be overcome to melt or boil or dissociate the following compounds have to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Melting point: The temperature at which a solid substance melts to become a liquid is called melting point. Melting point of a compound is affected by the relative Strength of intermolecular force.

Boiling point: The temperature at which a liquid substance boils to become a gaseous is called boiling point. Boiling point of a compound is affected by the relative Strength of intermolecular force.

Intermolecular force: the attractive force that withholds two molecules is called asintermolecular force. The influence of intermolecular forces depends onmolar mass and the functional group present in the molecule.

Decreasing order of Strength of intermolecular forces:

$\text{ionic >hydrogen bonding>dipole-dipole interaction>Vander Waals dispersion force}$.

The influence of intermolecular forces depends on the functional group present in the molecule.

Hydrogen boding: The attractive force that holds two polar molecules (containing Hydrogen and highly electronegative atom, such as N, O, or F) is called as hydrogen boding. This isalso called as intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

The hydrogen bonding takes place within a molecule is called as intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

Dispersion forces: The attractive force that holds two nonpolar moleculeswith help of temporary dipole moment present in them is called as dispersion forces.

Freedom of electrons to move around a nonpolar molecule, at any given point of time makes unequal distribution of electron density in the molecule. The molecule gets temporary(instantaneous) dipole moment

Dipole-Dipole Interactions: The attractive force that holds two polar moleculeswith help of dipole moment present in them is called as Dipole-Dipole Interactions

The partial positive charge end of one molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge of a neighboring molecule.

To identify: The types of attractive forces that must be overcome to melt solid iodine have to be identified.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The types of attractive forces that must be overcome to melt or boil or dissociate the following compounds have to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Melting point: The temperature at which a solid substance melts to become a liquid is called melting point. Melting point of a compound is affected by the relative Strength of intermolecular force.

Boiling point: The temperature at which a liquid substance boils to become a gaseous is called boiling point. Boiling point of a compound is affected by the relative Strength of intermolecular force.

Intermolecular force: the attractive force that withholds two molecules is called asintermolecular force. The influence of intermolecular forces depends onmolar mass and the functional group present in the molecule.

Decreasing order of Strength of intermolecular forces:

$\text{ionic >hydrogen bonding>dipole-dipole interaction>Vander Waals dispersion force}$.

The influence of intermolecular forces depends on the functional group present in the molecule.

Hydrogen boding: The attractive force that holds two polar molecules (containing Hydrogen and highly electronegative atom, such as N, O, or F) is called as hydrogen boding. This isalso called as intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

The hydrogen bonding takes place within a molecule is called as intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

Dispersion forces: The attractive force that holds two nonpolar moleculeswith help of temporary dipole moment present in them is called as dispersion forces.

Freedom of electrons to move around a nonpolar molecule, at any given point of time makes unequal distribution of electron density in the molecule. The molecule gets temporary(instantaneous) dipole moment

Dipole-Dipole Interactions: The attractive force that holds two polar moleculeswith help of dipole moment present in them is called as Dipole-Dipole Interactions

The partial positive charge end of one molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge of a neighboring molecule.

To identify: The types of attractive forces that must be overcome to melt solid iodine have to be identified.