Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614053
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Stacey Lowery Bretz, Natalie Foster
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Question
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Chapter 12, Problem 12.80QA
Interpretation Introduction

To find:

a) The sign of Srxn0 for the given reactions.

b) S0 value for these reactions, using the values for S0 from Appendix 4.

c) If the calculations support the prediction for the sign of Srxn0.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 12.80QA

Solution:

a) The sign of Srxn0 of reaction (1) is positive and reaction (2) is negative.

b) S0 for reaction 1 is 222.9JK, and  S0 for reaction 2 is-33 JK.

c) The calculations support the predictions.

Explanation of Solution

1) Formula:

Srxn0=nproducts×Sf,products0-nreactants×Sf,reactants0

Here Srxn0 is the standard entropy of the reaction.

2) Concept:

Entropy is a state function of the chemical and physical state of a system and not the pathway followed to reach that state. Therefore, the change in entropy is calculated by the entropy of final and initial state of reaction. The formula is given above. In other words, entropy is the measure of randomness or disorder of the system. Therefore, the order of entropy of three phases of substance is Ssolid<Sliquid<Sgas.

3) Given information:

Mg(aq)2++2OH(aq)-MgOH2s(1)

Ag(aq)++Cl(aq)-AgCls(2)

Substance Mg(aq)2+ OH(aq)- MgOH2s Ag(aq)+ Cl(aq)- AgCls
Sf0(J/mol.K) -138.1 -10.8 63.2 72.7 56.5 96.2

4) Calculations:

Calculation for Srxn0 for reaction (1):

Mgaq2++2OHaq-MgOH2s1

Srxn0=nproducts×Sf,products0-nreactants×Sf,reactants0

Srxn0=1 mol×Sf,MgOH2s0-1 mol×Sf,Mg(aq)2+0+2 mol×Sf,OH(aq)-0

Srxn0=1 mol×63.2Jmol.K-1 mol×(-138.1Jmol.K)+2 mol×(-10.8Jmol.K)

Srxn0=63.2 JK-(-138.1 JK)+(-21.6JK)

Srxn0=63.2 JK-(-159.7 JK)

Srxn0=63.2 JK+159.7 JK

Srxn0=222.9 JK

In this reaction, randomness or entropy change goes on increase from solid to aqueous phase (product to reactant). But as the Sf0 values of reactants are negative, we are getting a positive value for Srxn0. Therefore, this reaction is spontaneous.

Calculation for Srxn0 for reaction (2):

Ag(aq)++Cl(aq)-AgCls(2)

Srxn0=nproducts×Sf,products0-nreactants×Sf,reactants0

Srxn0=1 mol×Sf,AgCls0-1 mol×Sf,Ag(aq)+0+1 mol×Sf,Cl(aq)-0

Srxn0=1 mol×96.2Jmol.K-1 mol×72.7Jmol.K+1 mol×56.5Jmol.K

Srxn0=96.2 JK-72.7 JK+56.5JK

Srxn0=96.2 JK-129.5 JK

Srxn0=-33 JK

In this reaction, randomness increases from product to reactants. Therefore the change in entropy is negative. Thus, this is a non-spontaneous reaction

Conclusion:

a. The sign of Srxn0 of reaction (1) is positive, therefore the reaction is spontaneous. Reaction (2) is negative, therefore the reaction is non spontaneous.

b. S0 for reaction 1 is 222.9JK.  S0 for reaction 2 is-33 JK.

c. Calculations do support the prediction.

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Chapter 12 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)

Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.11QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.12QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.13QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.14QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.15QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.16QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.17QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.18QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.19QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.20QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.21QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.22QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.23QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.24QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.25QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.26QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.27QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.28QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.29QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.30QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.31QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.32QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.33QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.34QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.35QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.36QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.37QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.38QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.39QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.40QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.41QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.42QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.43QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.44QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.45QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.46QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.47QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.48QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.49QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.50QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.51QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.52QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.53QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.54QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.55QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.56QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.57QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.58QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.59QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.60QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.61QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.62QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.63QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.64QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.65QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.66QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.67QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.68QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.69QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.70QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.71QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.72QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.73QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.74QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.75QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.76QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.77QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.78QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.79QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.80QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.81QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.82QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.83QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.84QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.85QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.86QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.87QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.88QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.89QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.90QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.91QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.92QA
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