Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 12TYU
Which of the following statements about eukaryotic chromosomes is false? (a) eukaryotic chromosomes have free ends (b) telomeres contain protein-coding genes (c) telomerase lengthens telomeric DNA (d) telomere shortening may contribute to cell aging (e) cells with active telomerase may undergo many cell divisions
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The average human chromosome contains about 1 x 108 bp of DNA.(a) If each base pair has a mass of about 660 daltons and there are about 2 g of protein (histones plus nonhistones) per gram of DNA, how much doessuch a chromosome weigh (in grams)?(b) If the DNA were extended, how long would it be?(c) An actual chromosome is about 5 mm long. What is the approximatecompaction ratio?(d) You have about 4 x 1012 cells in your body. If you have 46 chromosomes in each cell, what is the approximate extended length of all of your DNA? For comparison, the distance from the earth to the sun isabout 1.5 x 108 km.
The average human chromosome contains about 1 x 108 bp of DNA.
(a) If each base pair has a mass of about 660 daltons and there are about 2 g of protein (histones plus nonhistones) per gram of DNA, how much does such a chromosome weigh (in grams)?
(b) If the DNA were extended, how long would it be?
(c) An actual chromosome is about 5 mm long. What is the approximate compaction ratio?
(d) You have about 4x 1012 cells in your body. If you have 46 chromosomes in each cell, what is the approximate extended length of all of your DNA? For comparison, the distance from the earth to the sun is about 1.5x108 km.
If a human nucleus is 10 mm in diameter, and it must hold as much as 2 m of DNA, which is complexed into nucleosomes that during full extension are 11 nm in diameter, what percentage of the volume of the nucleus is occupied by the genetic material?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 12.1 - Summarize the evidence that accumulated during the...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 12.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 12.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 12.2 - Explain how nucleotide subunits link to form a...Ch. 12.2 - Describe how the two strands of DNA are oriented...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 12.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 12.2 - Prob. 3C
Ch. 12.3 - Cite evidence from Meselson and Stahls experiment...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 7LOCh. 12.3 - Explain the complexities of DNA replication that...Ch. 12.3 - Discuss how enzymes proofread and repair errors in...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 10LOCh. 12.3 - How did the ability to distinguish old and newly...Ch. 12.3 - What feature of DNA structure causes DNA...Ch. 12.3 - What is the reason that eukaryotic cells require...Ch. 12 - When Griffith injected mice with a combination of...Ch. 12 - Which of the following inspired Avery and his...Ch. 12 - In the Hershey-Chase experiment with...Ch. 12 - The two complementary strands of the DNA double...Ch. 12 - If a segment of DNA is 5 CATTAC 3, the...Ch. 12 - Each DNA strand has a backbone that consists of...Ch. 12 - The experiments in which Meselson and Stahl grew...Ch. 12 - The statement DNA replicates by a semiconservative...Ch. 12 - Topoisomerases (a) synthesize DNA (b) synthesize...Ch. 12 - A lagging strand forms by (a) joining primers (b)...Ch. 12 - The immediate source of energy for DNA replication...Ch. 12 - Which of the following statements about eukaryotic...Ch. 12 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 12 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 12 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 12 - INTERPRET DATA In the Hershey-Chase experiment,...Ch. 12 - EVOLUTION LINK How does DNA being the universal...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- If the DNA of one human cell is stretched out, it would be almost 6 feet long and contain over three billion base pairs. How does all this fit into the nucleus of one cell?arrow_forwardHypothetically, a cell has DNA that weighs 10 picograms. This cell goes through S phase and is about to undergo mitosis. How much does the DNA of this cell weight now? How much would the DNA of the two cells produced at the end of mitosis weigh? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardA diploid human cell contains approximately 6.4 billion base pairs of DNA. Assuming that the linker DNA encompasses 35 bp, how many nucleosomes are present in such a cell? Use two significant figures. How many histone proteins are complexed with this DNA? use two significant figures.arrow_forward
- How many copies of each type of core histone would it take to wrap the entire human genome into nucleosomes? How has evolution solved the problem of producing such a large number of proteins in a relatively short period of time?arrow_forwardEach cell of the human body contains 46 chromosomes. How many DNA molecules does this statement represent? How many different types of DNA molecules does it represent?arrow_forwarda. What DNA sequences are found at the telomeresof human chromosomes?b. What functions do the two telomere-associatedcomplexes, telomerase and shelterin, fulfill at chromosome ends?c. Where do you think that the RNA component oftelomerase comes from?arrow_forward
- What is the relation between the concepts of chromatin and chromosome? Are euchromatin and heterochromatin part of chromosomes?arrow_forwardAn article entitled “Nucleosome Positioning at the Replication Fork” states: “both the ‘old’ randomly segregated nucleosomes as well as the ‘new’ assembled histone octamers rapidly position themselves (within seconds) on the newly replicated DNA strands” [Lucchini et al. (2002)]. Given this statement, how would one compare the distribution of nucleosomes and DNA in newly replicated chromatin? How could one experimentally test the distribution of nucleosomes on newly replicated chromosomes?arrow_forward1. In not more than 200 words, explain how the double-helical structure of DNA suggests a mechanism for DNA replication? 2. In not more than 200 words, explain the special mechanism used to replicate chromosome ends? 3. The human genome 3.4Gb would be 2.3 meters long if stretched linearly. In not more than 200 words, explain how a genome of this size is fit into a cell of minuscules proportions? You may add a diagram to your answer. 4. In not more than 200 words, explain how eukaryotic RNA synthesized by RNA polymerase II is modified before leaving the nucleus?arrow_forward
- Which DNA sequences are more alike: a pair ofsister chromatids or a pair of homologous chromosomes?arrow_forwardWhat is the relation between the concepts of chromatin andchromosome? Are euchromatin and heterochromatin part of chromosomes?arrow_forwardWhat is the structure of telomeres? short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes long, repetitive DNA sequences found at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the ends of linear prokaryotic chromosomes long, unique DNA sequences found at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomesarrow_forward
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