Interpretation:
The band gaps among conductors, insulators, and semiconductors are to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Semiconductors are the solids that have a conductivity between those of conductors and insulators.
In a semiconductor, the gap between the conduction band and the valence band is small, so the electrons may jump from valence band to conduction band.
Conduction band: The conduction band is the band of electron orbitals that electrons can jump up into from the valence band when excited.
Valence band: The valence band is the band of electron orbitals that electrons can jump out of, moving into the conduction band when excited.
A Dopant, also called a doping agent, is a trace impurity element that is inserted into a substance (in very low concentrations) to alter the electrical or optical properties of the substance.
Doping: Addition of dopant is doping.
n-Type semiconductor: A semiconductor that has been doped with electron donor atoms is called an n-type semiconductor.
p-Type semiconductor: A semiconductor that has been doped with electron acceptor atoms is called a p-type semiconductor.
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