Chapter 12.1, Problem 12.8QAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: ”The shape around each $carbon$ atoms in a $\mathrm{Pr}opane$ molecule” should be

determined

Concept introduction:

► Covalent bond: The bond which is formed by sharing of electrons usually between non-polar molecules like $C-C,C-H,C=O$ is called covalent bond.

► Tetrahedron molecule:A molecule in which there are four bond pair around the central atom, the four electron pairs assumes a regular tetrahedral arrangement orientation with bond angle of ${109}^{0}28\text{'}$ with respect to each other.

► Hybridization:- It is the concept of redistribution of energy by mixing different orbitals of an atom to give new orbitals of equivalent energy, identical shapes and symmetrical orientation in space. The new orbitals formed are called hybrid orbitals.

► $s{p}^3$ hybridization:- This type of hybridization involves the mixing of one s-orbitals and three p-orbitals of the valence shell to form four $s{p}^3$ hybrid orbital of equivalent energy and shape. These hybrid orbitals tend to lie as far apart in space as possible so that the repulsive interaction between them is minimum. The four $s{p}^3$ hybrid orbitals are directed towards the four corners of a tetrahedron. The angle between the $s{p}^3$ hybrid orbitals is ${109}^{0}28\text{'}$.