HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEG ACCESS C
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134714837
Author: Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12.1, Problem 16CC
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The cell is composed of three major parts. These are “membrane, cytoplasm and the genetic material”. The fluid that surrounds the cell and helps in the transportation of substances across the cell membrane is called the extracellular fluid. The cell contains ions such as K+, Ca2+, and so on.
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Let’s say that the intracellular tonicity is 300 mosm. Checkmark the correct response to what would happen to the cell when it is placed in the following solutions prepared from sucrose (impermeable), NaCl (impermeable), and urea (permeable).
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100 mM sucrose
200 mM NaCl
300 mM urea
300 mM NaCl
100 mM sucrose + 100 mM NaCl
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if an object b has a plasma sodium concentration of 135mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 4mOsm/L. It also has a plasma concentration of potassium of 20mOsm/L and an intracellular concentration of 200mOsm/L. studies identify that the cells have a permeability to potassium that is 10 times greater than sodium. What is the resting membrane potential
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A
B
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Chapter 12 Solutions
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEG ACCESS C
Ch. 12.1 - Identify as many pairs of antagonistic muscle...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 12.1 - What are the three anatomical elements of a...Ch. 12.1 - What is the chemical signal at a neuromuscular...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 7CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 8CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 9CCCh. 12.1 - Name an elastic fiber in the sarcomere that aids...
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 11CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 12CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 13CCCh. 12.1 - According to the convention for naming enzymes,...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 15CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 16CCCh. 12.1 - Summation in muscle fibers means that the...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 18CCCh. 12.1 - Which type of runner would you expect to have more...Ch. 12.1 - What is the response of a muscle fiber to an...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 21CCCh. 12.2 - One study found that many world-class athletes...Ch. 12.3 - What is the response of a muscle fiber to an...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 24CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 25CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 26CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 27CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 28CCCh. 12.3 - What happens to contraction if a smooth muscle is...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 30CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 31CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 32CCCh. 12.3 - How can a neuron alter the amount of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 34CCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 35CCCh. 12 - The three types of muscle tissue found in the...Ch. 12 - Which two muscle types are striated?Ch. 12 - Which type of muscle tissue is controlled only by...Ch. 12 - Arrange the following skeletal muscle components...Ch. 12 - The modified endoplasmic reticulum of skeletal...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6RQCh. 12 - Prob. 7RQCh. 12 - List six proteins that make up the myofibrils....Ch. 12 - List the letters used to label the elements of a...Ch. 12 - Briefly explain the functions of titin and...Ch. 12 - During contraction, the __________ band remains a...Ch. 12 - Explain the sliding filament theory of...Ch. 12 - Explain the roles of troponin, tropomyosin, and...Ch. 12 - Which neurotransmitter is released by somatic...Ch. 12 - What is the motor end plate, and what kinds of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RQCh. 12 - Prob. 17RQCh. 12 - Prob. 18RQCh. 12 - The basic unit of contraction in an intact...Ch. 12 - The two functional types of smooth muscle are...Ch. 12 - Prob. 21RQCh. 12 - Prob. 22RQCh. 12 - Prob. 23RQCh. 12 - Define muscle fatigue. Summarize factors that...Ch. 12 - Prob. 25RQCh. 12 - Prob. 26RQCh. 12 - Prob. 27RQCh. 12 - What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in...Ch. 12 - Compare and contrast: a. fast-twitch...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30RQCh. 12 - One way that scientists study muscles is to put...Ch. 12 - Prob. 32RQCh. 12 - On the basis of what you have learned about muscle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 34RQCh. 12 - Prob. 35RQ
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- Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane potential: (a) the Na+K+ pump, (b) passive movement of K+ across the membrane, (c) passive movement of Na+ across the membrane, and (d) the large intracellular anions.arrow_forwardThe resting membrane potential is established by? The Na+/K+-ATPase pumping Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell The Na+/K+-ATPase pumping K+ into the cell and Na+ out of the cell A larger diffusion of K+ out of the cell compared to diffusion of Na+ into the cell A larger diffusion of K+ into the cell compared to diffusion of Na+ out of the cell a) and d) b) and c)arrow_forwardI need the answer as soon as possiblearrow_forward
- What will happen if the concentration gradient is high inside the cell and low outside the cell? Explain why the image is applicable in this process.arrow_forwardUniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both are examples of facilitated transport, the rates of ion movement via an ion channel are roughly 104- to 105-fold faster than the rates of molecule movement via a uniporter. What key mechanistic difference results in this large difference in transport rate? What contribution to free energy (ΔG) determines the direction of transport?arrow_forward"Transporters saturate at high concentrations of the transported molecule when all their binding sites are occupied; channels, on the other hand, do not bind the ions they transport and thus the flux of ions through a channel does not saturate." is true or false.arrow_forward
- shown below, which of the following would likely happen if the glucose facilitated diffusion transporter, typically located on the basal side of epithelial cells, was also located in the apical side. [Glucose] low Glu Na [Na] high Lumen of kidney or intestine Apical membrane Epithelial cell [Glucose] high Glu Na* [Na] low Glucose would be actively transported into the lumen of the organ. Glucose concentration would be higher in the lumen of the organ and lower in the cytosol of the epithelial cells. O More glucose would be transported in the extracellular fluid. O The sodium/potassium ATPase would stop working.arrow_forwardFor most neurons, the extracellular concentration of chloride ions (Cl-) is 108 mM, whilethe intracellular concentration of Cl- is 5 mM.If the plasma membrane becomes more permeable to Cl-, would there be Clinflux or Cl- efflux at an RMP of -70 mV? Why?arrow_forwardUniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both are examples of facilitated transport, the rates of ion movement via an ion channel are roughly 104 - to 105 -fold faster than the rates of molecule movement via a uniporter. What key mechanisticdifference results in this large difference in transport rate?What contribution to free energy (ΔG) determines the direction of transport?arrow_forward
- The electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane is important for cellular functions including protein transport and information transfer. Pinpoint the specific protein and explain how it maintains the electrochemical gradient.arrow_forwardThis question uses the same experimental setup as in Question 1 and the same modification of the attached figure (Figure 2.5 of your textbook). The modification is that the KCL solutions in the middle panel are replaced with NaCl solutions (1 mM on the left or inside and 10 mM on the right or outside). What would initially happen if the membrane was made permeable to Na+? (A) Lure D A Inside 1 mM KQ Voltmotor V=0 elle Outside 1 mM KCI Termeable to K* No net flux of K* K' lon (B) Initial conditions ● lo 6 Inside 10 πιΜ KCl Initially V=0 очен Outside 1 mM KCI Net flux of K from inside to outside At equilibrium V in-out= -38 my a ✪ m O Inside Outside 10 mM KC 1 mM ka Flux of K* from inside to outside balanced by opposing membning potential Membrane potential V₁ (mv) 8 -116 100 -2 [K' (MM) 10 108 Na+ would move up its concentration gradient from the left (inside) to the right (outside) compartment. Na+ would move down its concentration gradient from the right (outside) to the left (inside)…arrow_forwardThe diffusion coefficient for potassium ions crossing a biological membrane 10 nm thick is 1.0 x 10-11 m2/s. What flow rate of potassium ions will move across an area of 100 nm x 100 nm if the concentration difference across the membrane is 0.5 mol/dm3.arrow_forward
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