Concept explainers
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(a)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of
Concept introduction:
Distribution of products based on Probability and Reactivity:
Depending on the relative rate of alkyl radical formation, the type of chlorination product obtained differs. At room temperature, it is 5.00 times easier for a chlorine radical to form a tertiary radical than a primary radical, and it is 3.8 times easier to form a secondary radical than a primary radical. These, ratios differ at different temperatures.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(b)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(c)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(d)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(e)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.
(f)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(g)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(h)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
(i)
Interpretation:
For problem 4, the number of alkyl halides obtained from monochlorination of alkanes if stereoisomers are included has be given.
Concept introduction:
Radical or free radical: unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical.
Chiral: Four different atoms attached to a carbon atom is called chiral molecule.
Stereoisomers: Stereoisomers are molecules that have the same molecular formula and they differ only in arrangement of atom in three-dimensional space.
Enantiomers: A compound which is non-superimposable mirror image is called enantiomers.
Diastereomers: A compound which is non-superimposable and non-mirror image is called enantiomers
Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer
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Chapter 12 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-W/S.G+SOLN.MANUAL
- How many alkene products are possible in the following reaction? CI CH3 NaOEt {"CH3 Harrow_forwardChemical Reactions: Give the product/s of each chemical reaction 1. Reaction of this alkene to the different reagents written above and below the arrows. ¡ HBrarrow_forwardHydroboration of Alkenes vs. Alkynes. Addition of an alkylboranes to a carbon- carbon double bond ("hydroboration") followed by oxidation is a common way to alcohols, for example, addition of dimethylborane to 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene yields 2,3-dimethyl-2-butanol. Me₂BH + Me₂C=CMe₂- →→ Me₂CH-CMe₂OH The reaction is more general as borane also adds to carbon-carbon triple bonds. obtain structures and energies for reactants and transition states for addition of dimethylborane (Me₂BH) to both ethylene and acetylene. Which reaction has the lower activation energy? Offer an explanation for your result.arrow_forward
- What are the major and minor products formed when cyclohexene reacts with Br2 in the solvent CH2Cl2?arrow_forwardHow many different alkenes can be formed from the haloalkane in Figure 20? Take stereoisomerism into account. * 1 2 3 4 This haloalkane will not form an elimination product.arrow_forwardDrawing the Products of the Chlorination of an Alkane Draw all the constitutional isomers formed by monohalogenation of (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 with Cl2 and hv.arrow_forward
- 7. Reaction product of 3-methyl-butene with hydrochloric acid:a) 2-methyl-3-chlorobutaneb) 3-methyl-3-chlorobutanec) 2-chloro-3-methyl butaned) 2-chloro-2-methyl butane 8. What type of reaction takes place when CO2 + H2O and energy are obtained from 3-methyl butyne?a) Hydrogenationb) Halogenationc) Partial oxidationd) Total oxidationarrow_forwardHow could 2,6-dimethylheptane be prepared from an alkyne and an alkyl halide? (The prime in R′ signifies that R and R′ can be different alkyl groups.)arrow_forwardHow many monochloro substitution products are produced when the alkanes below are chlorinated?arrow_forward
- Draw all of the constitutional (structural) isomers that can be formed from the monochlorination of the hydrocarbon shown below. CH3 CH3 hv CH3 Cl2 + H3C- CH3 エーO-エarrow_forwardZaitsev's rule: states " The alkene formed in greatest amount is the one that corresponds to O A. removal of the hydrogen from the alpha-carbon having the fewest hydrogen substituents O B. removal of the hydrogen from the any-carbon having the fewest hydrogen substituents OC. removal of the water molecule from the alpha-carbon having the fewest hydrogen substituents D. removal of the hydroxyl (OH) from the any carbon having the fewest hydrogen substituents O E. addition of hydrogen to more substituted carbon atom Reset Selection Previous Next Save 26°C Sunny DELL 立arrow_forward7. List the products of each alkene addition reaction. a. CH;-CH=CH-CH, + Cl b. CH;-CH-CH=CH-CH, + HBr CH, c. CH;-CH2-CH=CH-CH, + Brz CH3 d. CH;-CH-CH=C-CH3+ HClarrow_forward
World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning