PRESCOTT'S MICROBIO W/PROCTORIO
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781264731060
Author: WILLEY
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 12.5, Problem 1CC
Summary Introduction
Nitrogen is an important building block for cellular components such as amino
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Which of the following statements about the transamination and deamination steps of amino acid degradation is true?
(A) a-ketoglutarate is always formed during a transamination between an amino acid and glutamate. (B) Transamination reactions produce glutamate that is deaminated after entering the urea cycle. (C) Free ammonia is removed from glutamate using glutamate dehydrogenase and NAD+ as an oxidizing agent.
(D) The free NH4+ that is removed from glutamate during the deamination reaction is used to form glucose.(E) The carbon backbone that results from transamination enters the mitochondria to be used in the urea cycle.
Diagram the reactions involving glutamate dehydrogenaseand glutamine synthetase that produce glutamine from ammoniaand -ketoglutarate.
Under anaerobic conditions, Escherichia coli synthesizes an NADH-dependent fumarate reductase rather than succinatedehydrogenase, the flavoprotein that oxidizes succinate to fumarate.
a) Write an equation for the reaction catalyzed by fumarate reductase.b) NADH produced by the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction is re-oxidized by reducing an organicintermediate. Rather than reduce pyruvate to lactate, anaerobic E. coli utilize fumarate reductase. However, underanaerobiosis, the activity of -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is virtually nonexistent. Show how fumarate is formed, usinga reaction beginning with PEP and including the necessary TCA cycle enzymes.c) What is the metabolic advantage to anaerobic E. coli in using the fumarate reductase pathway rather than lactatedehydrogenase to re-oxidize NADH?
Chapter 12 Solutions
PRESCOTT'S MICROBIO W/PROCTORIO
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 12.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is self-assembly? What...Ch. 12.3 - MICRO INQUIRY How might acetyl-CoA be used by the...Ch. 12.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly describe the three...Ch. 12.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Which two enzymes are...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1MICh. 12.4 - MICROINQUIRY What is the difference between Lipid...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is gluconeogenesis?...
Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Describe the formation of...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Suppose a microorganism is...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Diagram the steps involved...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What would happen to a cell...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 1MICh. 12.5 - Prob. 2MICh. 12.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 12.5 - How do organisms assimilate sulfur? How does...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 5CCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 6CCCh. 12.5 - Describe the glyoxylate cycle. How is it similar...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 8CCCh. 12.6 - How is phosphorus assimilated? What roles do...Ch. 12.6 - Explain the difference between a purine and a...Ch. 12.6 - Outline the way in which purines and pyrimidines...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.7 - How are unsaturated fatty acids made?Ch. 12.7 - Briefly describe the pathways for triacylglycerol...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 4CCCh. 12.7 - Activated carriers participate in carbohydrate,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12 - Prob. 2RCCh. 12 - Prob. 3RCCh. 12 - Prob. 4RCCh. 12 - Prob. 5RCCh. 12 - Prob. 6RCCh. 12 - Prob. 7RCCh. 12 - What would happen if a microorganism that depended...Ch. 12 - Intermediary carriers are in a limited supply:...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3AL
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- DEFINE AND DESCRIBE The functions of the pentose phosphate and Enter-Doudoroff pathway.arrow_forwardOutline the steps involved in the production of malonylCoA from acetyl-CoA.arrow_forwardWhat are the effects of Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency? Explain its mechanism of action.arrow_forward
- What is alpha keto glutarate dehydrogenase complex?. explain very briefly.arrow_forwardIn this transamination reaction (right), which of the following are the products X and Y? Oxaloacetate Glutamate A Alanine, a-ketoglutarate B Aspartate, a-ketoglutarate C Glutamate, alanine D Pyruvate, aspartatearrow_forwardRefer to Figure, which indicates ΔG for each glycolytic reaction under intracellular conditions. Assume that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited with iodoacetate, which reacts with its active site cysteine sulfhydryl group. Which glycolytic intermediate would you expect to accumulate most rapidly, and why?arrow_forward
- Why would glutamate utilize the oxidative deamination pathway over transamination – especially if removal of NH4+ requires ATP? Would it not be favorable for the body to just use transamination?arrow_forwardIn own words, give 5 or more reasons why most of the clinical features of the diseases a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase deficiency, succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, and fumarase deficiency involve muscle and nerve tissue? and explain those reasons.arrow_forwardName the molecules used for gluconeogenesis. What are the sources of these molecules? Under what conditions would gluconeogenesis occur?arrow_forward
- What type of reaction is catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements inaccurately describes glutamate dehydrogenase? Glutamate dehydrogenase uses either NAD+ or NADP+ in a redox reaction Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes an oxidative deamination reaction Glutamate dehydrogenase equilibrium lies with the reductive amination of glutamate Glutamate dehydrogenase utilizes hydrolysis to release ammonium from an imine intermediatearrow_forwardStarting with lactate, explain how phosphoenolpyruvate is produced. Include reactions of essential enzymes such as pyruvate carboxylase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Explain the sites of action of these enzymes.arrow_forward
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