Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12.L2, Problem 4CT
You have been directed to take a sample from a growth-free portion of the zone of inhibition in the Kirby-Bauer test and inoculate it onto a plate of nonselective medium.
a. What does it mean if growth occurs on the new plate?
b. What if there is no growth?
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You have been directed to take a sample from a growth-free portionof the zone of inhibition in the Kirby-Bauer test and inoculate itonto a plate of nonselective medium.a. What does it mean if growth occurs on the new plate?b. What if there is no growth?
If you have a culture with 1 x 106 cells per ml, how could you use serial dilutions to obtain a suspension with 5 x 102 cells per ml? Show your answer using a serial dilution scheme or diagram
THIS IS A 2 PART Question
a. Is this a good streak? If so, explain why. If not, explain what you would change.
b. Is this streak of a pure culture, a mixed culture, or a contaminated culture? Explain your response.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 12.1 - State the goals of antimicrobial therapy.Ch. 12.1 - Discuss the origins of antimicrobial drugs.Ch. 12.1 - Differentiate between antibiotics, synthetic...Ch. 12.1 - Describe some of the special strategies of...Ch. 12.1 - Explain what is meant by a drug's spectrum and how...Ch. 12.1 - Summarize the five modes of action of...Ch. 12.1 - Differentiate between antibiotics and synthetic...Ch. 12.1 - Differentiate between narrow-spectrum and...Ch. 12.1 - Can you determine why some drugs have narrower...Ch. 12.1 - What is the major source of antibiotics and what...
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 5CYPCh. 12.1 - Prob. 6CYPCh. 12.1 - Explain the major modes of action of antimicrobial...Ch. 12.1 - Explain the concept of competitive inhibition, and...Ch. 12.1 - What would be the extended effects of drugs that...Ch. 12.2 - Describe the classes of antibacterial drugs that...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 12.2 - Indicate which types of antibacterial drugs block...Ch. 12.2 - Describe some new classes of antibacterial drugs...Ch. 12.2 - Construet a chart that summarizes the modes of...Ch. 12.2 - Why do the penicillin and cephalosporin groups of...Ch. 12.3 - Categorize antimicrobial drugs that are effective...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12ELOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 13ELOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 12CYPCh. 12.3 - Explain why there are fewer antifungal,...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 12.3 - Summarize the origins and biological actions of...Ch. 12.4 - Describe the development of microbial drug...Ch. 12.4 - Explain the major mechanisms by which microbes...Ch. 12.4 - Review some of the ways to reduce levels of drug...Ch. 12.4 - Discuss how drug resistance spreads through a...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 12.4 - Prob. 17CYPCh. 12.4 - Outline several situations or events that increase...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 19CYPCh. 12.5 - Summarize the adverse effects of drugs on the...Ch. 12.5 - Describe some of the toxic effects of drugs on...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 21ELOCh. 12.5 - Explain the ways in which drugs alter the normal...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 22CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 23CYPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 23ELOCh. 12.6 - Describe the principles behind sensitivity testing...Ch. 12.6 - Explain the uses of the minimum inhibitory...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 26ELOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 27ELOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 24CYPCh. 12.6 - Briefly describe the Kirby-Bauer test and its...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 26CYPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 27CYPCh. 12.6 - Discuss the general factors to consider in...Ch. 12.L1 - A compound synthesized by bacteria or fungi that...Ch. 12.L1 - Which statement is not an aim in the use of drugs...Ch. 12.L1 - Microbial resistance to drugs is acquired through...Ch. 12.L1 - R factors are ________ that contain a code for...Ch. 12.L1 - When a patient's immune system becomes reactive to...Ch. 12.L1 - An antibiotic that disrupts the normal flora can...Ch. 12.L1 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 12.L1 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 12.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 12.L1 - Which of the following modes of action would be...Ch. 12.L1 - The MIC is the of a drug thal is required to...Ch. 12.L1 - An antimicrobial drug with a ________ therapeutic...Ch. 12.L1 - Matching. Select the mode of action for each drug...Ch. 12.L1 - What was the purpose of giving postexposure...Ch. 12.L1 - What is a probable reason that tuberculosis...Ch. 12.L1 - Summarize the major problems with drug therapy as...Ch. 12.L1 - Using the diagram as a guide, briefly explain how...Ch. 12.L1 - Observe table 12.4 with regard to type of microbe...Ch. 12.L1 - Drugs are often given to patients before going...Ch. 12.L1 - Write an essay covering some of the main concerns...Ch. 12.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 12.L1 - Explain the kinds of tests that would...Ch. 12.L1 - Summarize the primary reasons that we find...Ch. 12.L2 - In 2015 the WHO surveyed 10,000 people on the...Ch. 12.L2 - Explain a simple test one could do to determine if...Ch. 12.L2 - Prob. 3CTCh. 12.L2 - You have been directed to take a sample from a...Ch. 12.L2 - From the results shown in figure 12.21, determine...Ch. 12.L2 - Explain why drugs that interfere with the...Ch. 12.L2 - In cases in which it is not possible to culture or...Ch. 12.L2 - Reviewing drug characteristics, choose an...Ch. 12.L2 - a. Using table 12.10 as a reference, find and...Ch. 12.L2 - For the following figures a-e, research the...
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- a.Describe what makes thioglycollate medium suitable for culturing anaerobes. What would the growth patterns of Clostridium sporogenes and Micrococcus luteus be in this medium? b. In the Kligler test, why do we inoculate the surface of the agar slope and then stab into the butt of the slope? What does a pink coloured colony indicate when using MAC (MacConkey Agar)?arrow_forwardIn this experiment, a culture was serially diluted to the concentrations below. Each plate was plated with 0.25mL of the dilution. Using the most diluted plate, what is the correct concentration of the original culture? A) 2.0 X 10^-3 cells/mL B) 2.0 X 10^5 cells/mL C) 4.0 X 10^5 cells/mL D) 5.0 X 10^4 cells/mLarrow_forwardYou saw no color change in both the first step and second step of the Nitrate Reduction test. What is the result of this experiment? Also, explain what happens when an excessive amount of zinc is added in the second step of this test.arrow_forward
- Your instructor asks you to isolate and identify the organisms in an unknown culture. You find that the culture contains two gramnegative bacilli that produce swarming colonies. What biochemical test would you use to identify the bacilli? Justify your answer.arrow_forwardA.Why do you plate the cells from the viable count on LB agar without ampicillin? B.If you observe 100 colonies on your 1/100 plate, how many colonies do you expect if everything works perfectly on your 1/1000 plate?arrow_forwardFor the pour plate method, state which plate will be chosen for colony isolation and why? From the chosen plate, indicate (circle) the colonies for both bacterial species that will be selected and transferred to new nutrient agars as a pure culture.arrow_forward
- In the Harada-Mori culture technique, how are you going to dispose the culture tubes? Is it suitable to use refrigerated samples for this procedure Why or Why not?arrow_forwardWHY IN INDOLE TEST A COLORED RING FORM AT THE TOP OF THE CULTURE MEDIA BUT NOT THE WHOLE CULTURE MEDIA COLOR CHANGE?arrow_forwardYou were instructed to add 1.0 mL out of 4.0 mL of an undiluted sample to 99 mL of sterile diluent. Instead, you add the entire 4.0 mL to the 99 mL. A.) What was your intended dilution factor? B.) What was your actual dilution factor?arrow_forward
- During the Lederberg and Tatum experiment, theresearchers compared the growth of mutant strains under twoscenarios: mixed strains or unmixed strains. When the unmixedstrains were plated on the experimental growth medium, whywere no colonies observed to grow? When the mixed strainswere plated on the experimental growth medium, 10 colonieswere observed. What was the significance of these colonies?arrow_forwardWhat is the advantage of the plating method over an electronic cell counting method in counting cells? Why does turbidity lose reliability at high cell concentrations when the culture reaches the stationary phase?arrow_forwardBriefly explain how you could use the color of the Coomassie assay sample solution to determine if anunknown sample needs to be diluted in order to measure the sample’s concentrationarrow_forward
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