Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Hybrid Edition (with OWLv2 24-Months Printed Access Card)
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Hybrid Edition (with OWLv2 24-Months Printed Access Card)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285462530
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Question
Book Icon
Chapter 13, Problem 105SCQ
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: van’t Hoff factor for NaCl and Na2SO4 have to be determined. Whether the values are following the expectations based on trend in the table 13.4 has to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Colligative properties: Properties of solutions which having influence on the concentration of the solute in it. Colligative properties are,

  • Decrease in the vapor pressure
  • Increase in the boiling point
  • Decline in the freezing point
  • Osmotic pressure

Freezing point depression: The freezing point of the solution varies with the solute concentration.

  ΔTfp=Kfpmsolute

  where,

  Kfp is the molal freezing point depression constant.

van’t Hoff factor, i: it is the ration between change in in freezing point measured and change in in freezing point calculated. It indicates the total number of ions that are produced.

  van'tHofffactor,i=measuredΔTfpCalculatedΔTfp

Molality (m): Molality is the number of moles of solute present in one kilogram of solvent.

  Molality (m) =Numberofmolesofsolute1kgofsolvent

The number of moles of any substance can be determined using the equation

  Numberofmole=GivenmassofthesubstanceMolarmass

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 105SCQ

  • van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.82
  • van’t Hoff factor for Na2SO4 is 1.98
  • The continuity of trend for the value of van’t Hoff factor for Na2SO4 is decreased significantly and it is near to the value of van’t Hoff factor for NaCl. The value of van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is similar to the other values.

Explanation of Solution

Given,

  measuredΔTfpforNaCl=3.050CmeasuredΔTfpforNa2SO4=1.360CKfp=1.860C/m

  Mass of NaCl is 5100×100g=5g

  Molar mass of NaCl is 58.44g/mol

  Mass of Na2SO4 is 5100×100g=5g

  Molar mass of Na2SO4 is 142.04g/mol

  Mass of water is 100g5g=95g

The number of moles of any substance can be determined using the equation

  Numberofmole=GivenmassofthesubstanceMolarmass=5g58.44g/mol=0.086mol

Molarity of the NaCl solution is,

  Molality (m) =NumberofmolesofsoluteSolventinkg=0.086mol0.095kg=0.90m

Molarity of the NaCl solution is 0.90m

It is assumed that dissociation does not take place.

Depression in freezing point is calculated by using the equation

  ΔTfp= Kfp. msolute=(1.860C/m)(0.90m)=1.670C

Depression in freezing point when there is no dissociation is 1.670C

van'tHofffactor,i=measuredΔTfpCalculatedΔTfp

  i=3.050C1.670C=1.82

van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.82

The number of moles of any substance can be determined using the equation

  Numberofmole=GivenmassofthesubstanceMolarmass=5g142.04g/mol=0.035mol

Molality of the Na2SO4 solution is,

  Molality (m) =NumberofmolesofsoluteSolventinkg=0.035mol0.095kg=0.368m

Molality of the Na2SO4 solution is 0.368m

It is assumed that dissociation does not take place.

Depression in freezing point is calculated by using the equation

  ΔTfp= Kfp. msolute=(1.860C/m)(0.368m)=0.68450C

van'tHofffactor,i=measuredΔTfpCalculatedΔTfp

  i=1.360C0.68450C=1.98

van’t Hoff factor for Na2SO4 is 1.98

van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.82 whereas for Na2SO4, it is 1.98. The value of van’t Hoff factor decreases with the increase in concentration of solute. The values are steady with the trend that seen in the given data table. Since the rate is decreasing in both cases. The continuity of trend for the value of van’t Hoff factor for Na2SO4 is decreased significantly and it is near to the value of van’t Hoff factor for NaCl. The value of van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is similar to the other values.

Conclusion

van’t Hoff factor for NaCl and Na2SO4 were determined.

  • van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.82
  • van’t Hoff factor for Na2SO4 is 1.98
  • The continuity of trend for the value of van’t Hoff factor for Na2SO4 is decreased significantly and it is near to the value of van’t Hoff factor for NaCl. The value of van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is similar to the other values.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Chapter 13 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Hybrid Edition (with OWLv2 24-Months Printed Access Card)

Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 4QCh. 13.4 - Assume you dissolve 10.0 g of sucrose (C12H22O11)...Ch. 13.4 - What quantity of ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, must...Ch. 13.4 - In the northern United States, summer cottages are...Ch. 13.4 - Bradykinin is a small peptide (9 amino acids; 1060...Ch. 13.4 - An aluminum-containing compound has the empirical...Ch. 13.4 - A 1.40-g sample of polyethylene, a common plastic,...Ch. 13.4 - Calculate the freezing point of 525 g of water...Ch. 13.4 - 1. Vapor pressure: Arrange the following aqueous...Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 2RCCh. 13.4 - Samples of each of the substances listed below are...Ch. 13.4 - Motor mass: Erythritol is a compound that occurs...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 1RCCh. 13.5 - The blue line on the diagram illustrates the...Ch. 13.5 - How many theoretical plates are required to...Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 3QCh. 13.5 - The vapor pressure of pure heptane is 361.5 mm Hg...Ch. 13 - You dissolve 2.56 g of succinic acid, C2H4(CO2H)2,...Ch. 13 - You dissolve 45.0 g of camphor, C10H16O, in 425 mL...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3PSCh. 13 - Prob. 4PSCh. 13 - Prob. 5PSCh. 13 - Prob. 6PSCh. 13 - Prob. 7PSCh. 13 - Prob. 8PSCh. 13 - Hydrochloric acid is sold as a concentrated...Ch. 13 - Concentrated sulfuric acid has a density of 1.84...Ch. 13 - The average lithium ion concentration in seawater...Ch. 13 - Silver ion has an average concentration of 28 ppb...Ch. 13 - Which pairs of liquids will be miscible? (a) H2O...Ch. 13 - Acetone, CH3COCH3, is quite soluble in water....Ch. 13 - Prob. 15PSCh. 13 - Use the following data to calculate the enthalpy...Ch. 13 - You make a saturated solution of NaCl at 25 C. No...Ch. 13 - Some lithium chloride, LiCl, is dissolved in 100...Ch. 13 - Prob. 19PSCh. 13 - The Henrys law constant for O2 in water at 25 is...Ch. 13 - An unopened soda can has an aqueous CO2...Ch. 13 - Hydrogen gas has a Henrys law constant of 7.8 104...Ch. 13 - A sealed flask contains water and oxygen gas at 25...Ch. 13 - Butane, C4H10, has been suggested as the...Ch. 13 - A 35.0-g sample of ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is...Ch. 13 - Urea, (NH2)2CO, which is widely used in...Ch. 13 - Pure ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is added 2.00 kg...Ch. 13 - Pure iodine (105 g) is dissolved in 325 g of CCl4...Ch. 13 - Prob. 29PSCh. 13 - What is the boiling point of a solution composed...Ch. 13 - Prob. 31PSCh. 13 - Prob. 32PSCh. 13 - Prob. 33PSCh. 13 - Some ethylene glycol, HOCH2CH2OH, is added to your...Ch. 13 - You dissolve 15.0 g of sucrose, C12H22O11, in a...Ch. 13 - A typical bottle of wine consists of an 11%...Ch. 13 - Prob. 37PSCh. 13 - Estimate the osmotic pressure of human blood at 37...Ch. 13 - An aqueous solution containing 1.00 g of bovine...Ch. 13 - Calculate the osmotic pressure of a 0.0120 M...Ch. 13 - You add 0.255 g of an orange, crystalline compound...Ch. 13 - Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is used in...Ch. 13 - Benzyl acetate is one of the active components of...Ch. 13 - Anthracene, a hydrocarbon obtained from coal, has...Ch. 13 - An aqueous solution contains 0.180 g of an...Ch. 13 - Aluminon, an organic compound, is used as a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 47PSCh. 13 - To make homemade ice cream, you cool the milk and...Ch. 13 - List the following aqueous solutions in order of...Ch. 13 - Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order...Ch. 13 - When solutions of BaCl2 and Na2SO4 are mixed, the...Ch. 13 - The dispersed phase of a certain colloidal...Ch. 13 - Phenylcarbinol is used in nasal sprays as a...Ch. 13 - (a) Which aqueous solution is expected to have the...Ch. 13 - Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order...Ch. 13 - Prob. 56GQCh. 13 - Dimethylglyoxime [DMG, (CH3CNOH)2] is used as a...Ch. 13 - A 10.7 m solution of NaOH has a density of 1.33...Ch. 13 - Concentrated aqueous ammonia has a molarity of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 60GQCh. 13 - If you want a solution that is 0.100 m in ions,...Ch. 13 - Consider the following aqueous solutions: (i) 0.20...Ch. 13 - (a) Which solution is expected to have the higher...Ch. 13 - The solubility of NaCl in water at 100 C is 39.1...Ch. 13 - Instead of using NaCl to melt the ice on your...Ch. 13 - The smell of ripe raspberries is due to...Ch. 13 - Hexachlorophene has been used in germicidal soap....Ch. 13 - The solubility of ammonium formate, NH4CHO2, in...Ch. 13 - How much N2 can dissolve in water at 25 C if the...Ch. 13 - Cigars are best stored in a humidor at 18 C and...Ch. 13 - An aqueous solution containing 10.0 g of starch...Ch. 13 - Prob. 72GQCh. 13 - Calculate the enthalpies of solution for Li2SO4...Ch. 13 - Water at 25 C has a density of 0.997 g/cm3....Ch. 13 - If a volatile solute is added to a volatile...Ch. 13 - A solution is made by adding 50.0 mL of ethanol...Ch. 13 - A 2.0% (by mass) aqueous solution of novocainium...Ch. 13 - A solution is 4.00% (by mass) maltose and 96.00%...Ch. 13 - The following table lists the concentrations of...Ch. 13 - A tree is 10.0 m tall. (a) What must be the total...Ch. 13 - Prob. 81GQCh. 13 - A compound is known to be a potassium halide, KX....Ch. 13 - Prob. 85GQCh. 13 - If one is very careful, it is possible to float a...Ch. 13 - A solution of benzoic acid in benzene has a...Ch. 13 - You dissolve 5.0 mg of iodine, I2, in 25 mL of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 89ILCh. 13 - In a police forensics lab, you examine a package...Ch. 13 - An organic compound contains carbon (71.17%),...Ch. 13 - Prob. 92ILCh. 13 - When sails of Mg2+, Ca2+, and Be2+ are placed in...Ch. 13 - Explain why a cucumber shrivels up when it is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 95SCQCh. 13 - A 100.-gram sample of sodium chloride (NaCl) is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 97SCQCh. 13 - Prob. 98SCQCh. 13 - Starch contains CC, CH, CO, and OH bonds....Ch. 13 - Prob. 100SCQCh. 13 - You have two aqueous solutions separated by a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 102SCQCh. 13 - Sodium chloride (NaCl) is commonly used to melt...Ch. 13 - Prob. 105SCQCh. 13 - Prob. 106SCQCh. 13 - Prob. 107SCQ
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Similar questions
Recommended textbooks for you
  • Text book image
    Chemistry
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781305957404
    Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Text book image
    Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781305079243
    Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Text book image
    Chemistry
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781133611097
    Author:Steven S. Zumdahl
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
  • Text book image
    Chemistry: The Molecular Science
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781285199047
    Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Text book image
    Principles of Modern Chemistry
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9781305079113
    Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
    Text book image
    Chemistry: Principles and Practice
    Chemistry
    ISBN:9780534420123
    Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
    Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133611097
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning