WHAT IS LIFE? GDE.TO BIOLOGY W/PHYSIO.
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781319272531
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 13, Problem 1MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
An adaptation is a feature that is common in a population because it provides some improved function. Adaptations are well fitted to their function and are produced by natural selection. Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Evolutionary processes give rise to biodiversity at every level of
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Darwinian fitness is a measure of
a. survival.
b. reproductive success.
c. heterozygosity of the gene pool.
d. polymorphisms in a population.
Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin argued that evolution by means of natural selection involves all of the following steps except:
a. variation is present in all species
b. species can produce more offspring than the environment can sustain
c. all individuals within a species have equal chances to improve their fitness
d. those individuals that are more fit will survive and reproduce in the greatest numbers
e. over time, the species will evolve as the more fit individuals replace the less fit individuals
Your friend remarks, “The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; as a result, its offspring inherited longer necks.” Which statement is the BEST response to correct your friend’s misconception?
A.
overproduction of offspring leads to a struggle for survival
B.
characteristics acquired during an organism’s life are generally not passed on through genes to its offspring
C.
only favorable adaptations have survival value and unfavorable adaptations are removed from the population
D.
disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance
Chapter 13 Solutions
WHAT IS LIFE? GDE.TO BIOLOGY W/PHYSIO.
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- Which of the following statements about natural selection is a misconception? a.Most species don't produce more offspring than the environment can support b.Natural selection acts on heritable variations in a population c.Natural selection involves differential reproductive success d.Natural selection occurs as a result of competition among individuals in a population e.In natural selection, traits that are favoured depend on current environmental conditionsarrow_forwardYour friend remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; as a result, its offspring inherited longer necks." Which statement is the BEST response to correct your friend's misconception? O A. disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance B. only favorable adaptations have survival value and unfavorable adaptations are removed from the population C. characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes to its offspring D. overproduction of offspring leads to a struggle for survival e Type here to search Coarrow_forwardWhich one of the following traits is not shared by most model species? A. High fecundity B. Short generation time C. Ease of maintaining populations in a lab environment D. Exhibit traits that are relevant to human biomedical science E. Developmental fate of each cell has been mapped from embryo to adultarrow_forward
- The good genes model of sexual selection is a popular hypothesis for mate choice. What is an underlying flaw with the hypothesis that must be explained? Group of answer choices A. there is no evidence for mate choice in animals B. sexual selection will remove genetic variation for fitness C.animals are not capable of a sense of beauty D. different species have different traits that are important in mate choice E. all genes confer equal fitness in lab experimentsarrow_forwardWhich sequence of events in human evolution is most widely accepted? A. increase in brain size, tool-use, bipedalism, movement out of Africa B. tool-use, bipedalism, increase in brain size, use of fire C. bipedalism, increase in brain size, tool-use D. tool-use, use of fire, increase in brain size E. bipedalism, tool-use, increase in brain size How do we know that the footprints discovered by Mary Leakey’s team at the site of Laetoli are those of bipedal hominids? A. There is no evidence of a divergent big toe B. The stride width and length were similar to modern humans C. There is evidence of an arch D. all of these E. A and C only Which of the following were the first to arrive to the Western Hemisphere? A. Modern Homo sapiens B. Archaic Homo sapiens C. Homo erectus D. Neanderthalsarrow_forwardIndicate whether each statement presents an idea of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, of Charles Darwin, or of Both Scientistarrow_forward
- The main idea behind Darwin’s theory of natural selection was Group of answer choices a. Competition for space between the individuals will limit a population b. Individuals pass on acquired characteristics to their offspring c. Individuals with advantageous adaptations are more likely to out-produce those lacking that adaptation d. Populations adapt over timearrow_forwardWhich statement is correct, based on current evolutionary theory? a. Selection will favor alleles only if they are good for the species. b. Selection will favor alleles only if, on average, they increase the reproductive success of individuals who have them. c. In small populations genetic drift can be more effective than natural selection in building adaptations. d. Selection sometimes favors alleles that systematically lower the reproductive success of the individuals who have them. e. Two of the above are correct.arrow_forwardIndividuals in a population of sunflowers have a range of flower sizes, and the average diameter of their flowers is 5 cm. What effect would selection have on flower diameter in this population of sunflowers? A. The average flower diameter may not change if the population is under disruptive selection. B. Small flowers are favoured if the population is under disruptive selection. C. The average flower diameter will increase if the population is under stabilizing selection. D. Large flowers are favoured if the allele for flower size is dominant when the population is under directional selection.arrow_forward
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was one of the first scientists to propose a method for evolutionary change. He suggested that an organism's body would adapt to its surrounding based upon the use or disuse of certain body parts. Why was this a mistaken idea? a As species become distinctly different from each other, so do their body forms, which is a result of their genes changing. b Individuals adapt and change, not populations. c Evolutionary change can only act upon traits that are inheritable, not traits that are acquired through an organism's lifetime. d When an organism migrates to a new environment or the environment it currently lives in changes, the organism must adapt, or it will not survive.arrow_forwardNatural selection occurs when which of the following conditions are met? Group of answer choices a.Variations between individual organisms lead to differential survival chances. b.The conditions in an ecosystem support a wide range of living organisms c.Individual organisms depend on each other to obtain available resources. d. Habitat and nutrient resources in an area are plentiful over a long period of time.arrow_forwardYou are studying a population of birds isolated on a small island. You discover that there the density of birds is much higher on the island than on the mainland, and birds are competing fiercely for resources. What other differences might you predict would evolve on the island as a result of the differences in density and competition? Larger offspring on the island More offspring on the island Reduced parental investment on the island All of the abovearrow_forward
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