WHAT IS LIFE? GDE.TO BIOLOGY W/PHYSIO.
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781319272531
Author: PHELAN
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 13, Problem 7MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
An amniotic egg has a fluid filled sac called an amnion.
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Gene duplications during vertebrate evolution have led toA. the control of body segmentation in mice by four copies of Hox genes.B. the abundance of somites in vertebrate embryos.C. the loss of other genes.D. a long development period of feathers in the chicken embryo.E. All of the above
The Brachyury and Tbx5 in vertebrates and the Ap3 gene in flowering plants
a. are examples of Hox genes.
b. are examples of co-opting a gene for a new function.
c. are homologues for determining the body plan of eukaryotes.
d. help regulate the formation of appendages.
Which statement about Hox genes is false?
a.
They are expressed in similar patterns in the embryos of both mice and flies.
b.
They include a conserved region of base pairs called the homeobox.
c.
They are arranged in similar clusters of genes in both mice and flies.
d.
They are part of the so-called genetic toolkit.
e.
Because of their important functional roles, they evolved rapidly in both mammals and flies.
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WHAT IS LIFE? GDE.TO BIOLOGY W/PHYSIO.
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- One of the earliest experimental embryology experiments was conducted by Wilhelm Roux, who used a hot needle to kill one of the cells in an amphibian embryo at the two-cell stage. In the experiment, the remaining living cell formed only half of an embryo. However, later vertebrate experiments showed that by completely separating cells in early embryos, each can make complete individuals. What could explain the discrepancy in these experiments?arrow_forwardSome embryos share many similarities and are difficult to tell apart, while others are slightly easier. What can you conclude about the similarities and differences between the embryos of different species? Select one: a. The more closely related species show differences from the earlier stages. b. The more closely related species share similarities until the later stages. c. The more distantly related species share similarities until the later stages. d. The more distantly related species show differences in only the later stages.arrow_forwardEvolutionary theory predicts that species are related, not independent. Four of the following examples provide support for this prediction, but one is irrelevant. Which of examples listed below does not support the claim that species are related? A. Many dinosaurs and other organisms went extinct following a huge asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous. B. Before synthetic insulin was available, diabetics used injections of purified pig insulin to manage their disease. C. The endostyle of lancelets (invertebrate chordates) and the thyroid gland of vertebrates develop similarly, and both produce iodinated proteins. D. All prokaryotes and eukaryotes use DNA to carry their genetic information. E. Ground squirrel species found on the North and South sides of the Grand Canyon are very similar to each other.arrow_forward
- Which of the following animals has indirect development (larvae)? A. Salamander B. Bony fish C. Butterfly D. B and C only E. A, B, and Carrow_forwardUsing the following list, describe the proper sequence for the events of animal development: 1. Tissues, organs, and other body structures in each segment are formed. 2. Axes of the entire animal are determined. 3. Cells become differentiated. 4. The entire animal is divided into segments. a. 2, 3, 4, 1 b. 1, 2, 4, 3 c. 2, 4, 3, 1 d. 3, 2, 4, 1 e. 2, 4, 1, 3arrow_forwardDevelopment of an animal is controlled by the genes that are expressed during development. What roles have been proposed for Hox genes in the evolution and morphology of animal species? Group of answer choices 1. Variation in the Hox genes may have spawned the formation of many new body plans. 2. All of these descriptions are correct. 3. The number and arrangement of Hox genes varies among different types of animals. 4. Increases in the number of Hox genes may have led to greater complexity in body structure.arrow_forward
- Match the descriptions/examples types of evidence that support evolution. 1.Biogeography 2.Comparative Embryology 3.Comparative Anatomy 4.Molecular Biology A.Organisms in New Zealand are more similar to organisms in Australia than they are to organisms in North America . B.The embryos of many species have gill pouches even though the gill pouches are not used in these species . C.The forelimbs of the human ,cat ,whale and bat have many similar bones despite the fact that the forelimbs have different functions . D.The Human genome is 98% identical to the Chimpanzee genome .arrow_forwardA. According to Gould and Vrba (1982), when the original cooling function of insect appendages was changed to flying, this is an example of a. inheritance. b. exaptation. c. apatation. d. adaptation. B. When primates first evolved away from their mammalian ancestors, they a. developed a larger and more complex brain. b. increased their reliance on the sense of smell. c. increased the number of canines (for meat-eating). d. all of the abovearrow_forwardUsing vertebrates as an example, how does comparative embryology prove evolution?arrow_forward
- Researchers suggest that an increase in the number of Hox genesa. leads to reproductive isolation in all cases.b. could explain the evolution of color vision.c. allows for the evolution of more complex body patternsin animals.d. results in the decrease in the number of body segmentsin insects.e. does all of the above.arrow_forward1. Embryology does NOT suggest which of the following? A. Developmental mechanisms are unique for every different type of life and share no commonalities. B. Human embryos pass through embryonic stages inherited from their ancestors. C. Developmental mechanisms are evolutionarily modified in a way that is unique to an organism’s way of life. 2. Which comparative anatomy example does NOT support the theory of evolution? A. Bats, humans, and cats have similarly constructed forelimbs and thus suggest a common ancestor. B. The genus of legless lizards are no longer considered lizards and are now part of the snake genus. C. Vestigial organs are structures that are no longer necessary for survival and are thus gradually becoming nonfunctional and reduced in size. D. All statements support the theory of evolutionarrow_forwardFossil insects many times larger than any insects alive today have been dated to the Carboniferous and Permian periods. These fossils are evidence that during these periods a. the climate was much warmer than it is today. b. the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere was significantly higher than it is today. c. the carbon dioxide concentration of the atmosphere was lower than it is today. d. insects had fewer competitors for food than modern insects. e. there were fewer predators on insects than there are today.arrow_forward
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