Chapter 13, Problem 1P

Summary Introduction

To determine: The irreversible process in terms of the entropy changes in the system, surroundings, and the universe is to discuss where there is a system consisting of an egg in an incubator; the white and yolk of the egg contains proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and if the egg is fertilized, the complex organism is formed from a single cell.

Introduction:

The “system” is defined as the region where the molecules react with other and are collectively differ from surroundings. The region of the universe minus the system is called “surroundings”.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The fertilization of egg and formation of mature chick is the complete series of reactions.

The system is considered as egg and its related developmental reactions. The yolk, eggshell and region aorta from egg are collectively termed as surroundings.

The division of single cell and formation of multiple cells increases the order of reaction. The increase in order of reaction reduces the system ‘entropy.

The molecules acting as fuel in surroundings has low entropy and gradually they convert to smaller molecules, such as water and carbon dioxide. The entropy is increased in surroundings. There is a significant difference in entropy decreased of chick and entropy increased of surroundings.

Conclusion

Conclusion:

The egg divides and multiple cells are formed that differentiate and form mature chick. The entropy is decreased of chick and the entropy increases of surroundings.