EBK ESSENTIALS OF GENETICS
9th Edition
ISBN: 8220102741614
Author: Palladino
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 13, Problem 1PDQ
HOW DO WE KNOW?
In this chapter, we focused on the translation of mRNA into proteins as well as on protein structure and function. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions:
(a) What experimentally derived information led to Holley's proposal of the two-dimensional cloverleaf model of tRNA?
(b) What experimental information verifies that certain codons in mRNA specify chain termination during translation?
(c) How do we know, based on studies of Neurospora nutritional mutations, that one gene specifies one enzyme?
(d) On what basis have we concluded that proteins are the end products of genetic expression?
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What experimentally derived information led to Holley’s proposal of the two-dimensional cloverleaf model of tRNA?
As we focused on the translation of mRNA into proteins as well as on protein structure and function. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this informationwas acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter,what answers would you propose to the following fundamentalquestion
What experimental information verifies that certain codonsin mRNA specify chain termination during translation?
In the tertiary structure of tRNA, where is the anticodon region relative to the attachment site for the amino acid? Are these located adjacent to each other?
Chapter 13 Solutions
EBK ESSENTIALS OF GENETICS
Ch. 13 - CASE STUDY | Crippled ribosomes Diamond Blackfan...Ch. 13 - CASE STUDY | Crippled ribosomes Diamond Blackfan...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3CSCh. 13 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 13 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 238. These...Ch. 13 - List and describe the role of all molecular...Ch. 13 - Contrast the roles of tRNA and mRNA during...Ch. 13 - Francis Crick proposed the adaptor hypothesis for...Ch. 13 -
6. During translation, what molecule bears the...Ch. 13 - Summarize the steps involved in charging tRNAs...
Ch. 13 - Each transfer RNA requires at least four specific...Ch. 13 -
9. Explain why the one-gene:one-enzyme hypothesis...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10PDQCh. 13 - Prob. 11PDQCh. 13 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 13 - Assuming that each nucleotide is 0.34 nm long in...Ch. 13 - Review the concept of colinearity in Section 12.5...Ch. 13 -
15. In your opinion, which of the four levels of...Ch. 13 -
16. List and describe the function of as many...Ch. 13 - How does an enzyme function? Why are enzymes...Ch. 13 -
18. Shown in the following table are several...Ch. 13 -
19. Three independently assorting genes are known...Ch. 13 -
20. How would the results in cross (a) of Problem...Ch. 13 - A series of mutations in the bacterium Salmonella...Ch. 13 -
22. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains...
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- The wobble rules for tRNA-mRNA pairing are shown. If we assume that the tRNAs do not containmodified bases, what is the minimum number of tRNAs needed to recognize the codons for the following types of amino acids? A. Leucine B. Methionine C. Serinearrow_forwardFrom this overall anticodon sequence in tRNA, 3'-CAUCGGAAUAGAUCGCUAGUGGCAGGCAUAAUGAUCACCGGUCUGAGAAAAGUGGUACAUAUCAAC-5' Using ONE-letter amino acid code starting from N-terminus to C-terminus, what is the amino acid sequence that will be coded for?arrow_forwardExplain whether the specificity of lysine incorporation by lysyl-tRNA synthetase depends on tRNA or lysine, how does it work ?arrow_forward
- What is the significance (or function) of tRNA in protein synthesis? In other words, explain why tRNA is so important. How many different tRNA’s are there?arrow_forwardFrom this overall anticodon sequence in tRNA, 3'-CAUCGGAAUAGAUCGCUAGUGGCAGGCAUAAUGAUCACCGGUCUGAGAAAAGUGGUACAUAUCAAC-5' What is the amino acid sequence that will be coded for using ONE-letter amino acid code starting from N-terminus to C-terminus and using THREE-letter amino acid code starting from N-terminus to C-terminusarrow_forwardThe covalent attachment of an amino acid to a tRNA is an endergonic reaction. In other words, it requires an input of energy for the reaction to proceed. Where does the energy come from to attach amino acids to tRNA molecules?arrow_forward
- What steps are required to form a charged tRNA?arrow_forwardFrom this overall anticodon sequence in tRNA, 3'-CAUCGGAAUAGAUCGCUAGUGGCAGGCAUAAUGAUCACCGGUCUGAGAAAAGUGGUACAUAUCAAC-5' What is the amino acid sequence that will be coded for using THREE-letter amino acid code starting from N-terminus to C-terminus.arrow_forwardHow will you best describe tRNA, support your answer with a proper diagram?arrow_forward
- Indicate the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the following mRNA molecule. Use the genetic code table and assume that the very first “AUG” the ribosome encounters will serve as the start codon and specify methionine. 5’-AAUUCAUGCCCAAAUUUGGGGCACGAAGCUUCUUAGGCUAGUCCUAAAAAA-3’arrow_forwardWhat features of tRNA structure are involved in recognition and amino acylation by an aaRS?arrow_forwardWhat is the function of the anticodon of a tRNA?arrow_forward
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