Concept explainers
To analyze:
The time taken by the DNA polymerase to complete the replication process of the entire DNA molecule of the shortest chromosome, by moving uninterruptedly from one end to the other end. Also figure out whether
Given:
The DNA polymerase proceeds uninterruptedly on the DNA strand, from one end to the other end to synthesize the new DNA strand. Addition of
Introduction:
The division of cells in a cell cycle involves two phases: interphase and mitotic phase. Replication of the genetic material takes place during synthesis phase or S phase of the interphase. DNA polymerase is responsible for DNA replication in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Explanation of Solution
The rate at which DNA polymerase proceeds the formation of new DNA strand is 50 bp/s. Therefore, to replicate a DNA strand of
The synthesis phase of a mammalian cell is 8 hours long, and the entire replication process occurs during this time. This indicates that there must be multiple DNA polymerase complexes involved in this process. Hence more than one replication origin sites must be there, where the enzyme would attach itself to synthesize a new strand.
Therefore, it can be concluded that there are many replication origin sites where DNA polymerase enzyme work simultaneously, to complete the synthesis of new DNA strand.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
LIFE:SCI.OF BIOLOGY (LOOSE)-W/ACCESS
- Replication involves a period of time during which DNA is particularly susceptible to the introduction of mutations. If nucleotides can be incorporated into DNA at a rate of 20 nucleotides/second and the human genome contains 3 billion nucleotides, how long will replication take? How is this time reduced so that replication can take place in a few hours?arrow_forwardDescribe three (3) effects on DNA replication if DNA polymerase could build DNA in both directions – in both the 5’ to 3’ direction and the 3’ to 5’ direction.arrow_forwardYou conducted an experiment to determine the mechanism of DNA replication in the hypothetical organism Fungus mungus. Your data shows that synthesis of newly replicated DNA from F. mungus is discontinuous on both strands of the replication fork. Does this result support or not support the hypothesis that F. mungus replicates its DNA by the same mechanism as yeast? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forward
- The speed of DNA replication at a replication fork is about 100 nucleotides per second in human cells. What is the minimum number of origins of replication that a human cell must have if it is to replicate its DNA once every 24 hours?arrow_forwardExplain the function of an origin of replication in the replication of DNA, and know how the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in terms of the number of origins of replication on each chromosome. Explain why replication is different on the two strand at a replication fork, including: how these differences are related to the fact that DNA strands are synthesized in a 5’ to 3’ direction. what is meant by the terms bidirectional replication, and replication bubble. the role of the leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki fragments, continuous and discontinuous replicationarrow_forwardWhich statement about Okazaki fragments is true? Select one: a. DNA polymerase doesn’t need a primer to build these fragments b. They act as a primer that initiates DNA replication. c. They correct errors made during earlier phases of DNA replication. d. They are necessary because DNA polymerase can only build DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction, so for one of the strands at each fork, the DNA polymerase can only buildaway from the fork. e. They prevent the ends of chromosomes from shortening with every replication.arrow_forward
- Predict the results from the Meselson and Stahl experiment after three rounds of DNA replication if DNA replication were conservative. Group of answer choices 2 bands--one with heavy density and one with light density 1 band with intermediate density 1 band with light density 2 bands--one with intermediate-density and one with light density 2 bands--one with intermediate-density and one with heavy densityarrow_forwardYou decide to repeat the Meselson-Stahl experiment, except this time you plan to grow the E. coli cells on light 14N medium for many generations and then transfer them to heavy 15N medium and allow them to grow for 2 additional generations (2 rounds of DNA replication). If the conservative model of DNA replication was correct, what is the expected distribution of DNA in the density gradient after two rounds of replication?arrow_forwardDuring DNA replication, the function of RNA primers is to Group of answer choices serve as a binding site for DNA ligase separate the two strands of the double helix to open replication "bubbles" serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation by DNA polymerase in the 3' - 5' direction prevent new-separated strands of DNA from rejoining serve as starting points for DNA strand elongation in the 5' - 3' direction by DNA polymerasearrow_forward
- Suppose DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA at a rate of 1130 bases per minute in a new strain of E. coli. It takes the new strain 40 minutes to replicate their chromosome. How many nucleotides are in the chromosome? Calculate the length of the chromosome given the diagram.arrow_forwardList and explain three reasons why DNA replication is very accurate. Is this true for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardGive only typing answer with explanation and conclusion You are studying a strain of bacteria that carries a temperature-sensitive mutation in one of the genes required for DNA replication. The bacteria grow normally at the lower temperature, but when the temperature is raised they die. When you analyze the remains of the bacterial cells grown at the higher temperature you find evidence of partly replicated DNA. When the strands of this DNA are separated by heating, numerous single-stranded DNA molecules around 1000 nucleotides long are found. Which of the proteins listed below are most likely to be impaired in these mutant bacteria and why?: Primase, Helicase, or DNA Polymerase?arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning