Essentials of Genetics Plus Mastering Genetics with eText -- Access Card Package (9th Edition) (Klug et al. Genetics Series)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047201
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 2CS
CASE STUDY | Crippled ribosomes
Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare, dominantly inherited syndrome characterized by bone marrow failure, birth defects, and a significant predisposition to cancer. Those affected with DBA usually develop anemia in the first year of life, have abnormal numbers of cell types in their bone marrow, and have an increased risk of developing leukemia and bone cancer. At the molecular level, DBA is caused by a mutation in any of 11 genes that encode ribosomal proteins. The common feature of all these mutations is the disruption of ribosome formation, ultimately affecting the stability or function of ribosomes.
Many questions about this disorder remain to be answered.
Why might some cells in the body, such as those in bone marrow, be more susceptible to ribosomal protein mutations than other cell types?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
1. For the genotypes and conditions (lactose present or absent) shown in the following table predict whether functional enzymes, nonfunctional enzymes, or no enzymes are made.
2. Even though the LacZ,Y and A structural genes are transcribed as a single polycistronic mRNA, each gene contains the initiation and termination signals essential for translation. Predict what will happen when a cell growing in the presence of lactose contains a deletion of one nucleotide early in the Z gene and early in the A gene.
1. In what direction does a polymerase move when synthesizing a strand of mRNA? Briefly Explain.
2. Instead of the term “Formation of a nucleoside”, what could the name of the reaction be? What functional group is being formed? Briefly Explain.
1. A region of DNA in a particular cell synthesizes a segment of RNA that is 174 bases long and in the form of a large palindrome. The RNA is transported to the cytoplasm and folds into a hairpin loop of double stranded RNA. In the cytoplasm, the hairpin loop is recognized by a double-stranded RNA cutting enzyme (dicer) and is cut into 21 BP lengths. When these 21 BP double stranded segments are combined with protein, they function by:
Answer choices
destroying specific mRNAs
priming the synthesis of DNA sequences
adding DNA to the chromosome ends (telomeres)
acting as decoys for RNA degrading enzymes thus protecting the mRNAs present
splicing the introns out of messenger RNA
2.
The following are genotypes of merozygotes of E. coli with various combinations of lac operon mutations. Determine the phenotype with respect to beta-galactosidase (z), permease (y), and trans-acetylase (a) of each combination as U = uninducible, I = inducible, and C = constitutive. Choose from…
Chapter 13 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics Plus Mastering Genetics with eText -- Access Card Package (9th Edition) (Klug et al. Genetics Series)
Ch. 13 - CASE STUDY | Crippled ribosomes Diamond Blackfan...Ch. 13 - CASE STUDY | Crippled ribosomes Diamond Blackfan...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3CSCh. 13 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 13 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 238. These...Ch. 13 - List and describe the role of all molecular...Ch. 13 - Contrast the roles of tRNA and mRNA during...Ch. 13 - Francis Crick proposed the adaptor hypothesis for...Ch. 13 -
6. During translation, what molecule bears the...Ch. 13 - Summarize the steps involved in charging tRNAs...
Ch. 13 - Each transfer RNA requires at least four specific...Ch. 13 -
9. Explain why the one-gene:one-enzyme hypothesis...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10PDQCh. 13 - Prob. 11PDQCh. 13 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 13 - Assuming that each nucleotide is 0.34 nm long in...Ch. 13 - Review the concept of colinearity in Section 12.5...Ch. 13 -
15. In your opinion, which of the four levels of...Ch. 13 -
16. List and describe the function of as many...Ch. 13 - How does an enzyme function? Why are enzymes...Ch. 13 -
18. Shown in the following table are several...Ch. 13 -
19. Three independently assorting genes are known...Ch. 13 -
20. How would the results in cross (a) of Problem...Ch. 13 - A series of mutations in the bacterium Salmonella...Ch. 13 -
22. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Discuss Concepts A mutation occurs that alters an anticodon in a tRNA from 3-AAU-5 to 3-AUU-5. What effect will this mutation have on protein synthesis?arrow_forwardIPSCs are nearly identical to human embryonic stem cells in terms of gene expression, but there may be other ways in which they are not equivalent. For example, the telomeres of IPSCs often vary in length, with many IPSCs cells having telomeres shorter than those of embryonic. How might shortened telomeres affect the life-span of IPSCs or of differentiated cells derived from them?arrow_forwardIf mRNA is complementary to the DNA template strand and the DNA template strand is complementary to the DNA nontemplate strand, then why are base sequences of mRNA and the DNA nontemplate strand not identical? Could they ever be?arrow_forward
- 1. Certain proteins that stimulate expression of a gene bind to DNA in a sequence specific manner and also induce conformational changes in the DNA. Describe the purpose of thses two modes of interaction with the DNA. 2. Draw the structures of the amino acid side chains that correspond to the following histone modification: a) acetylation of lysine; b) phosphorylation of serine; c) phosphorylation of histidine. How do thses modifications change the character of their respective side chain?arrow_forward2) Myoclonal epilepsy and ragged red fiber disease (MERRF) is a human condition named for the ragged red fibers of skeletal muscle cells and myoclinic epilepsy in affected individuals. People with this disorder have a mutation in a mitochondrial gene for a tRNA, specfically that for lysine. Why are affected individuals always heteroplasmic?arrow_forward2a) Suppose you have a gene in which a single base substitution has created the nonsense mutation 5'TAA3' (which will be transcribed into 5'UAA3' in the mRNA - but recall that mutations are changes in the DNA sequence). Name all the amino acids that could have been coded for by the original, unmutated codon at that position in the gene.arrow_forward
- 1. Given that a faulty ribosomal protein is the culprit and causes DBA, discuss the possible role of normal ribosomal proteins. Why might bone marrow cells be more susceptible to such a mutation than other cells? 2. A couple with a child affected with DBA undergoes in vitro fertilization (IVF) and genetic testing of the resulting embryos to ensure that the embryos will not have DBA. However, they also want the embryos screened to ensure that the one implanted can serve as a suitable donor for their existing child. Their plan is to have stem cells from the umbilical cord of the new baby transplanted to their existing child with DBA, thereby curing the condition. What are the ethical pros and cons of this situation? 3. While a stem cell transplant from an unaffected donor is currently the only cure for DBA, genome-editing technologies may one day enable the correction of a mutation in a patient’s own bone marrow stem cells. However, what specific information would be needed, beyond a…arrow_forward2a) In prokaryotes, a small ribosomal subunit can potentially get on an mRNA anywhere it can find enough space to do so. Once a small ribosomal subunit has bound to an mRNA, it will scan along that mRNA in the 5' to 3' direction looking for a start codon at which to initiate translation. How does the small ribosomal subunit distinguish a start codon from any other AUG codon that simply codes for methionine in the middle of a coding sequence?arrow_forward1. In the human gene for the beta chain of haemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells), the first 30 nucleotides in the amino-acid-coding region is represented by the sequence:3'-TACCACGTGGACTGAGGACTCCTCTTCAGA-5'. What is the sequence of the partner strand?arrow_forward
- 1. Given the following three mRNA sequences, which 2 sequences code for the same protein?#1 AGU UUA GCA ACG AGA UCA#2 UCG CUA GCG ACC AGU UCA#3 AGC CUC GCC ACU CGU AGU 2. Look at the following sequence: THE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT. Delete the first H and regroup the letters in groups of three- write out the new groups of three. Does the sentence still make sense? What type of mutation is this an example of?arrow_forward1Need help:. draw valine-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. Show the tRNAs and the valine amino acid. You can use the one-letter code for valine (V) and do not have to draw the amino acid structure. Label the tRNA and amino acid binding sites on the enzyme. Explain the function of valine-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase and explain why there are 20 related enzymes in every cell.arrow_forward3a) In a hypothetical cell where "wobble" pairing was not allowed (i.e. every codon must be matched by a tRNA anticodon that is its perfect complement), how many tRNAs would be required to service all of the threonine codons?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781305073951Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781305073951
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY