Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given. Concept introduction: Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps. In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone . A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained. In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound. In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 13, Problem 51P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone

Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 13, Problem 51P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone

Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 13, Problem 51P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone

Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C = O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in ketones is placed somewhere in the middle of the molecular structure, which means, the C=O is attached to two alkyl groups or benzene rings. Just like all other homologous series, the naming of ketones is done using a common suffix “-one”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O. Functional group of a ketone

Chapter 13, Problem 51P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone

Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 51P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone

Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 51P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 51P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone

Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Mechanism of compound are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds has to be given.

Concept introduction:

Required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

In first case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone. Aldol condensation reaction takes place. The aldol product is reduced and the final compound is obtained.

In second case, given alcohol is oxidized to a ketone. A strong base is added to the ketone

Aldol condensation reaction takes place. Hydrazine in alcoholic potassium hydroxide is added in the aldol condensation product to remove the carbonyl group. The intermediate alkene is reduced to give the final compound.

In third case, ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol addition reaction in presence of a strong base. Aldol addition product is reduced to form a diol compound 1. Other alcohol is oxidized to an acetone and converted to diol compound 2. Compound 1 and 2 combine to form the final product and two molecules of water are reduced.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 13.1 - Identify the most acidic hydrogen in each...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 13.1 - Explain why HO cannot remove a proton from the...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 6P Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 7P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 8P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 9P Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that required compounds are synthesized by the use of only provided carbon-containing compounds through a series of steps.

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