The suitable sequence for each of the given synthetic transformations is to be suggested. Concept introduction: The electron withdrawing groups deactivates the aromatic ring and gives substitution at the meta position. The electron donating groups activate the aromatic ring and give substitution at ortho-para position. Para substitution is preferred in case of steric hindrance. The alkyl benzene on reaction with strong oxidizing agent potassium permanganate gives benzoic acid. In Clemmensen reduction, the carbonyl group ( aldehyde or ketone ) is converted to methylene and the reagent used is zinc-mercury amalgam in concentrated hydrochloric acid, Zn(Hg)/HCl . In the presence of Lewis acid and an alkyl halide , the substitution of the alkyl group to the aromatic ring is nothing but the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. The Friedel–Crafts acylation is the substitution of acyl group (carbonyl group) to the aromatic ring with an acyl halide in presence of Lewis acid. The nitration of arenes carried out by using fuming nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 54P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The suitable sequence for each of the given synthetic transformations is to be suggested.

Concept introduction:

The electron withdrawing groups deactivates the aromatic ring and gives substitution at the meta position.

The electron donating groups activate the aromatic ring and give substitution at ortho-para position. Para substitution is preferred in case of steric hindrance.

The alkyl benzene on reaction with strong oxidizing agent potassium permanganate gives benzoic acid.

In Clemmensen reduction, the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) is converted to methylene and the reagent used is zinc-mercury amalgam in concentrated hydrochloric acid, Zn(Hg)/HCl.

In the presence of Lewis acid and an alkyl halide, the substitution of the alkyl group to the aromatic ring is nothing but the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction.

The Friedel–Crafts acylation is the substitution of acyl group (carbonyl group) to the aromatic ring with an acyl halide in presence of Lewis acid.

The nitration of arenes carried out by using fuming nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 54P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The suitable sequence for each of the given synthetic transformations is to be suggested.

Concept introduction:

The electron withdrawing groups deactivates the aromatic ring and gives substitution at the meta position.

The electron donating groups activate the aromatic ring and give substitution at ortho-para position. Para substitution is preferred in case of steric hindrance.

The alkyl benzene on reaction with strong oxidizing agent potassium permanganate gives benzoic acid.

In Clemmensen reduction, the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) is converted to methylene and the reagent used is zinc-mercury amalgam in concentrated hydrochloric acid, Zn(Hg)/HCl.

In the presence of Lewis acid and an alkyl halide, the substitution of the alkyl group to the aromatic ring is nothing but the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction.

The Friedel–Crafts acylation is the substitution of acyl group (carbonyl group) to the aromatic ring with an acyl halide in presence of Lewis acid.

The nitration of arenes carried out by using fuming nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 54P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The suitable sequence for each of the given synthetic transformations is to be suggested.

Concept introduction:

The electron withdrawing groups deactivates the aromatic ring and gives substitution at the meta position.

The electron donating groups activate the aromatic ring and give substitution at ortho-para position. Para substitution is preferred in case of steric hindrance.

The alkyl benzene on reaction with strong oxidizing agent potassium permanganate gives benzoic acid.

In Clemmensen reduction, the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) is converted to methylene and the reagent used is zinc-mercury amalgam in concentrated hydrochloric acid, Zn(Hg)/HCl.

In the presence of Lewis acid and an alkyl halide, the substitution of the alkyl group to the aromatic ring is nothing but the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction.

The Friedel–Crafts acylation is the substitution of acyl group (carbonyl group) to the aromatic ring with an acyl halide in presence of Lewis acid.

The nitration of arenes carried out by using fuming nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 54P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The suitable sequence for each of the given synthetic transformations is to be suggested.

Concept introduction:

The electron withdrawing groups deactivates the aromatic ring and gives substitution at the meta position.

The electron donating groups activate the aromatic ring and give substitution at ortho-para position. Para substitution is preferred in case of steric hindrance.

The alkyl benzene on reaction with strong oxidizing agent potassium permanganate gives benzoic acid.

In Clemmensen reduction, the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) is converted to methylene and the reagent used is zinc-mercury amalgam in concentrated hydrochloric acid, Zn(Hg)/HCl.

In the presence of Lewis acid and an alkyl halide, the substitution of the alkyl group to the aromatic ring is nothing but the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction.

The Friedel–Crafts acylation is the substitution of acyl group (carbonyl group) to the aromatic ring with an acyl halide in presence of Lewis acid.

The nitration of arenes carried out by using fuming nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 54P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The suitable sequence for each of the given synthetic transformations is to be suggested.

Concept introduction:

The electron withdrawing groups deactivates the aromatic ring and gives substitution at the meta position.

The electron donating groups activate the aromatic ring and give substitution at ortho-para position. Para substitution is preferred in case of steric hindrance.

The alkyl benzene on reaction with strong oxidizing agent potassium permanganate gives benzoic acid.

In Clemmensen reduction, the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) is converted to methylene and the reagent used is zinc-mercury amalgam in concentrated hydrochloric acid, Zn(Hg)/HCl.

In the presence of Lewis acid and an alkyl halide, the substitution of the alkyl group to the aromatic ring is nothing but the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction.

The Friedel–Crafts acylation is the substitution of acyl group (carbonyl group) to the aromatic ring with an acyl halide in presence of Lewis acid.

The nitration of arenes carried out by using fuming nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 54P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The suitable sequence for each of the given synthetic transformations is to be suggested.

Concept introduction:

The electron withdrawing groups deactivates the aromatic ring and gives substitution at the meta position.

The electron donating groups activate the aromatic ring and give substitution at ortho-para position. Para substitution is preferred in case of steric hindrance.

The alkyl benzene on reaction with strong oxidizing agent potassium permanganate gives benzoic acid.

In Clemmensen reduction, the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) is converted to methylene and the reagent used is zinc-mercury amalgam in concentrated hydrochloric acid, Zn(Hg)/HCl.

In the presence of Lewis acid and an alkyl halide, the substitution of the alkyl group to the aromatic ring is nothing but the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction.

The Friedel–Crafts acylation is the substitution of acyl group (carbonyl group) to the aromatic ring with an acyl halide in presence of Lewis acid.

The nitration of arenes carried out by using fuming nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 54P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The suitable sequence for each of the given synthetic transformations is to be suggested.

Concept introduction:

The electron withdrawing groups deactivates the aromatic ring and gives substitution at the meta position.

The electron donating groups activate the aromatic ring and give substitution at ortho-para position. Para substitution is preferred in case of steric hindrance.

The alkyl benzene on reaction with strong oxidizing agent potassium permanganate gives benzoic acid.

In Clemmensen reduction, the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) is converted to methylene and the reagent used is zinc-mercury amalgam in concentrated hydrochloric acid, Zn(Hg)/HCl.

In the presence of Lewis acid and an alkyl halide, the substitution of the alkyl group to the aromatic ring is nothing but the Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction.

The Friedel–Crafts acylation is the substitution of acyl group (carbonyl group) to the aromatic ring with an acyl halide in presence of Lewis acid.

The nitration of arenes carried out by using fuming nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid.

Answer 8

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Answer 11

Ch. 13.2 - Based on Hammonds postulate which holds that the...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 2P Ch. 13.3 - Using : O =N+= O : as the electrophile, write a...Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 4P Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 5P Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 6P Ch. 13.6 - Write a reasonable mechanism for the formation of...Ch. 13.6 - tert-Butylbenzene can be prepared by alkylation of...Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 13.7 - The reaction shown gives a single product in 88...

Solution Summary: The author explains the sequence for each of the given synthetic transformations. The staring compound is the isopropyl benzene.

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Chapter 13 Solutions