The Physics of Everyday Phenomena
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780073513904
Author: W. Thomas Griffith, Juliet Brosing Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 6CQ
Does the signal in an axon travel at the same speed as electrical signals in a metal wire? Explain. (See everyday phenomenon box 13.1.) Explain.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Question 14
Opening of voltage-gated channels is driven by an intramembrane electric field acting on charged
voltage-sensor domains. These domains move across the membrane and generate gating
(displacement) currents. When these currents are integrated over time, they produce the gating
charge generated by a population of channels. What would be the gating charge passing through the
external circuit when the flat array of charges moves across the distance a inside the membrane?
The hydrophobic thickness of the membrane is d, the dielectric constant ɛ, the density of charges is
O and the area of the membrane is A (provide an analytic solution).
start
end
A
A
a
d
d
A myelinated axon conducts nerve impulses at a speed of 40 m/s. What is the signal speed if the thickness of the myelin sheath is halved but no other changes are made to the axon?
Chapter 13 Solutions
The Physics of Everyday Phenomena
Ch. 13 - Two arrangements of a battery, bulb, and wire are...Ch. 13 - Suppose you have two wires, a battery, and a bulb....Ch. 13 - In a simple battery-and-bulb circuit, is the...Ch. 13 - Are electric current and electric charge the same...Ch. 13 - When an axon is stimulated, a voltage spike or...Ch. 13 - Does the signal in an axon travel at the same...Ch. 13 - Consider the circuit shown, where the wires are...Ch. 13 - Consider the circuit shown. Could we increase the...Ch. 13 - Two circuit diagrams are shown. Which one, if...Ch. 13 - Suppose we use an uncoated metal clamp to hold the...
Ch. 13 - Consider the two signs shown, which are located in...Ch. 13 - If we decrease the potential difference across a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13CQCh. 13 - When a battery is being used in a circuit, will...Ch. 13 - Two resistors are connected in series with a...Ch. 13 - In the circuit shown below. R1, R2,. and R3 are...Ch. 13 - In the circuit shown in question 16, which of the...Ch. 13 - If we disconnect R2, from the rest of the circuit...Ch. 13 - When current passes through a series combination...Ch. 13 - In the circuit shown, the circle with a V in it...Ch. 13 - In the circuit shown, the circle with an A in it...Ch. 13 - Which will normally have the larger resistance, a...Ch. 13 - Is electric energy the same as electric power?...Ch. 13 - If the current through a certain resistance is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 25CQCh. 13 - What energy source increases the potential energy...Ch. 13 - Prob. 27CQCh. 13 - Prob. 28CQCh. 13 - Prob. 29CQCh. 13 - Prob. 30CQCh. 13 - Prob. 31CQCh. 13 - Prob. 32CQCh. 13 - Why does a bimetallic strip bend when the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 1ECh. 13 - Prob. 2ECh. 13 - Prob. 3ECh. 13 - Prob. 4ECh. 13 - Prob. 5ECh. 13 - Prob. 6ECh. 13 - Prob. 7ECh. 13 - Prob. 8ECh. 13 - Prob. 9ECh. 13 - Prob. 10ECh. 13 - Prob. 11ECh. 13 - Prob. 12ECh. 13 - Prob. 13ECh. 13 - Prob. 14ECh. 13 - Prob. 15ECh. 13 - Prob. 16ECh. 13 - Prob. 17ECh. 13 - Prob. 1SPCh. 13 - Prob. 2SPCh. 13 - Prob. 3SPCh. 13 - Prob. 4SPCh. 13 - Prob. 5SP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed pulse duration = 50.0 m/s 2.0 103 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in Figure P18.43. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = 0A/d and Q = C V to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.0 108 m, axon radius r = 1.0 101 m, and cell-wall dielectric constant = 3.0. (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 102 V? Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per squared (2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 2 (1 = 1010 m). (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of + 3.0 102 V from the resting state of 7.0 102 V? How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? (c) If it takes 2.0 ms for the Na+ ions to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process? (d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to + 3.0 102 V, starting from the resting potential of 7.0 102 V? Figure P18.43 Problem 43 and 44.arrow_forwardWrite a question about the electrical action potential of the human nervous system in terms of physics.arrow_forwardAn unmyelinated segment of the axon has a radius of r=2 pm and a length of L=7 cm. what is its membrane capacitance (Farad) ?. (The %3D capacitance per unit area, Cm = 0.01 F/m2). %3D A. 0.000000008792 B. None, C. 0.00000002638 D. 0.00000003517 E. 0.00000001758arrow_forward
- Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential length excited = nerve speed × pulse duration = 50.0 m/s × 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with k* ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = ke,A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.4 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.4 x 101 um, and cell-wall dielectric constant k = 2.2.arrow_forward7arrow_forwardUse the ECG figure shown to determine the heart rate inbeats per minute assuming a constant time between beats.arrow_forward
- Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = ke A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 2.0 × 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.6 × 10¹ µm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.9. Positive charge layer Negative charge layer External fluid Axon wall membrane Internal fluid Axon radius = r No + (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² v.) d Your response differs significantly from the correct answer. Rework your…arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = KE A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.3 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.3 × 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.1. Positive charge layer Negative charge layer External fluid + Axon wall membrane Internal fluid Axon radius = r + + How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? Na+ ions + (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V.) C How many K+ ions are on…arrow_forwarddetailsarrow_forward
- Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = K² A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 2.0 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.6 x 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant k = 2.9. Positive charge layer Negative charge layer External fluid Axon wall membrane Internal fluid - Axon radius= d -2 (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² v.) 9.03E-10 C How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an…arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = KE A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.8 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.4 × 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.0. Positive charge layer Negative charge layer 1+ External fluid + + + Axon wall membrane + Internal fluid Axon radius = r + + + d + (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V.) How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming…arrow_forwardplease helparrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningCollege PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781938168000Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger HinrichsPublisher:OpenStax College
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningGlencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...PhysicsISBN:9780078807213Author:Paul W. ZitzewitzPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-HillCollege PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781938168000
Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher:OpenStax College
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Glencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...
Physics
ISBN:9780078807213
Author:Paul W. Zitzewitz
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
DC Series circuits explained - The basics working principle; Author: The Engineering Mindset;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VV6tZ3Aqfuc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY