Economics: Principles, Problems, & Policies (McGraw-Hill Series in Economics) - Standalone book
20th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021756
Author: McConnell, Campbell R.; Brue, Stanley L.; Flynn Dr., Sean Masaki
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 13, Problem 6DQ
To determine
Why oligopolies exist.
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The graph below shows a duopolistic market. The firms in this market produce and sell identical products. The graph below shows the market demand, a corresponding marginal revenue curve for the product, and an identical
marginal cost curve for each firm. Assume both firms have the goal of maximising economic profit. If the two firms were to collude, what would be the total economic profit made by each firm?
O O O
$24
$6
$16
$8
Price ($)
10
9
8
7
$0
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
Insufficient information to determine economic profit of each firm.
1
2 3 4
MR
5
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9
MC
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10
Quantity
Question 2 [JP.14.3.19]
Consider a duopoly where the market demand is described by the equation: P = 150- Q. The marginal
cost for each firm is $60.
lo.] If the firms compete simultaneously with output, what is each firm's profit-maximizing output, the market
quantity, and the price each firm charges?
(b.) What is the economic profit eamed by each firm (from question [a]}
[c.) If Firm 1 is a leader in output, what is each firm's profit-maximizing output, the market quantity, and the
price each firm charges?
[d.] What is the economic profit earned by each firm (from question [c])?
Ma3.
You operate in a duopoly in which you and a rival must simultaneously decide what price to charge for the same homogeneous product. Assume each you and your rival can choose a “low price” or a “high price”. If you each charge a low price, you each earn zero profits. If you each charge a high price, you each earn profits of $3 million. If you charge different prices, the one charging the high price loses $5 million and the one charging the low price makes $5 million.
What is the Nash equilibrium for the non-repeated version of this game?
Now suppose the game is infinitely repeated. If the interest rate is 10%, can you do better than you could in the non-repeated version of this game? If your answer is “yes”, provide the players’ strategies and any other conditions that must hold.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Economics: Principles, Problems, & Policies (McGraw-Hill Series in Economics) - Standalone book
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1QQCh. 13.1 - Prob. 2QQCh. 13.1 - Prob. 3QQCh. 13.1 - Prob. 4QQCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1QQCh. 13.4 - The D2e segment of the demand curve D2eD1 graph...Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 3QQCh. 13.4 - Prob. 4QQCh. 13.A - Prob. 1ADQCh. 13.A - Prob. 2ADQ
Ch. 13.A - Prob. 3ADQCh. 13.A - Prob. 4ADQCh. 13.A - Prob. 1ARQCh. 13.A - Prob. 2ARQCh. 13.A - Prob. 3ARQCh. 13.A - Prob. 1APCh. 13.A - Prob. 2APCh. 13 - Prob. 1DQCh. 13 - Prob. 2DQCh. 13 - Prob. 3DQCh. 13 - Prob. 4DQCh. 13 - Prob. 5DQCh. 13 - Prob. 6DQCh. 13 - Prob. 7DQCh. 13 - Prob. 8DQCh. 13 - Prob. 9DQCh. 13 - Prob. 10DQCh. 13 - Prob. 11DQCh. 13 - Prob. 12DQCh. 13 - Prob. 13DQCh. 13 - Prob. 1RQCh. 13 - Prob. 2RQCh. 13 - Prob. 3RQCh. 13 - Prob. 4RQCh. 13 - Prob. 5RQCh. 13 - Prob. 6RQCh. 13 - Prob. 7RQCh. 13 - Prob. 8RQCh. 13 - Prob. 1PCh. 13 - Prob. 2PCh. 13 - Prob. 3P
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- Consider an oligopolistic market with 5 identical firms that choose their profit-maximizing quantities simultaneously. Suppose each firm has constant marginal costs of $123 per unit and the market elasticity of demand is - 1.08. What is the change in the prevailing market price if one additional firm joins the market? Assume that the potential entrant is identical to the incumbent firms. O A. -7.71 O B. - 5.51 O C. -9.92 O D. - 6.89arrow_forwardWhat is a feature common to both Monopolistic-Competition and Oligopoly type of markets? O productive efficiency will occur in both the short run and long run, a desirable economic property of markets. many smaller sized firms can produce the good or service at lower cost per unit than larger sized firms, thus large firms fail in the long run. the demand curve for each firm is not going to be purely elastic, because products are at least slightly different than potential rival firms' product and/or there may be some consumer brand loyalty. Firms in both types of markets eventually will be broken up by government anti-trust laws and regulations. MacBook Pro く※ G Search or type URL 6 7 8. 3 4. W Earrow_forward9. Suppose Warner Music and Universal Music are in a duopoly and currently limit themselves to 10 new artists per year. One artist sells 2 million songs at $1.25 per song. However, each label is capable of signing 20 artists per year. If one label increases the number of artists to 20 and the other stays the same, the price per song drops to $0.75, and each artist sells 3 million songs. If both labels increase the number of artists to 20, the price per song drops to $0.30, and each artist sells 4 million songs. Explain how revenue payoffs for each scenario are calculated. If this game is played once, how many artists will each producer sign, and what will be the price of a song? If this game is played every year, how many artists will each producer sign, and what will be the price of a song?arrow_forward
- 11 21. Imagine an N firm oligopoly for "nominally differentiated" goods. That is, each of the N firms produces a product that "looks" different from the products of its competitors, but that "really" isn't any different. However, each firm is able to fool some of the buying public. Specifically, each of the N firms (which are identical and have zero marginal cost of production) has a captive market -consumers who will buy only from that firm. The demand generated by each of these captive markets is given by the demand function Pn A- Xn , where Xn is the amount supplied to this captive market and Pn is the price of the production of firm n. There is also a group of intelligent consumers who realize that the products are really undifferentiated. These…arrow_forward3. The following graph summarizes the demand and costs for a firm that operates in a monopolistically competitive market. (LOI, LO3, LOS) $220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 MR 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 a. What is the firm's optimal output? b. What is the firm's optimal price? c. What are the firm's maximum profits? d. What adjustments should the manager be anticipating? ATC 22 23 24 25 Quantityarrow_forwardSuppose that an oligopolistic is charging $21 per unit of output and selling 31 units each day. What is its daily total revenue? Also suppose that previously it had lowered its price from $21 to $19, rivals matched the price cut, and the firm’s sales increased from 31 to 32 units. It also previously raised its price from $21 to $23, rivals ignored the price hike, and the firm’s daily total revenue came in at $482. Which of the following is most logical to conclude? The firm’s demand curve is (a) inelastic over the $21 to $23 price range, (b) elastic over the $19 to $21 price range, (c) a linear(straight) down sloping line, or (d) a curve with a kink in it?arrow_forward
- 1.Briefly state the basic characteristics of pure competition, pure monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. Under which of these market classifications does each of the following most accurately fit? (a) a supermarket in your hometown; (b) the steel industry; (c) a Kansas wheat farm; (d) the commercial bank in which you or your family has an account; (e) the automobile industry. In each case, justify your classification. LO1arrow_forward4. Farmer Andy and Farmer Betty are the only two farmers that grow heirloom tomatoes for sale at the local farmer's market and compete as Cournot duopolists. The inverse demand curve for heirloom tomatoes at the market is P = 140 - 5Q where P is the %3D price per pound of tomatoes and Q is the number of pounds of tomatoes in hundreds per week; Q = qA + qB. Both Andy and Betty have a cost of growing tomatoes of w = 10, r = 20, and both have K = 1 in the short run. They both have a production function of q = L0.5KO.5. They will both earn profits of --.arrow_forwardTable 18-14 Suppose that two oil companies-BP and Exxon-own adjacent natural gas fields. The profits that each firm earus depends on both the member of wells it drills and the number of wells drilled by the other firm. The table below lists each firm's individual profits: Exxon Drill one well Drill two wells BP Drill one well BP Drill two wells Exxon's profit $10 million BP's profit $10 million Exxon's profit $6 million BP's profit $12 million Exxon's profit $12 million BP's profit $6 million Exxon's profit $8 million. BP's profit $8 million Refer to Table 18-14. Does BP have a dominant strategy? If so, describe it. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac) BIUS Paragraph Arial 5 田田田园 10pt 89. M XX, 833 >>() ⒸO HE [+ V A AV ✓ Z X T 94 ΩΘΙ *** 68.88arrow_forward
- 16 When does a kinked demand curve occur? When one firm in a duopoly cuts prices and forces the exit of the other firm BO When competing oligopoly firms agree to increase prices at the same time and rate CO When competing oligopoly firms commit to match price cuts but not price increases DO When a natural monopoly raises its prices and provides an opportunity for market entryarrow_forwardSuppose that an monopolistically competitive restaurant is currently serving 230 meals per day (the output where MR = MC). At that output level, ATC per meal is $10 and consumers are willing to pay $12 per meal. What is the size of this firm's profit or loss? Profit Will there be entry or exit? Entry > of $ 460 Will this restaurant's demand curve shift left or right? Left In long-run equilibrium, suppose that this restaurant charges $11 per meal for 180 meals and that the marginal cost of the 180th meal is $8. What is the size of the firm's profit? $ 540 xarrow_forwardThe graph below shows a demand curve for a firm operating in an oligopolistic market. Kinked Demand Price 100 90 80 70 MC 60 50 40 30 20 10 MR D 10 20 30 40 60 70 80 90 100 Quantity Compared to a price of $75, at a price of $60 demand is O relatively more elastic. O relatively more inelastic. O perfectly elastic. O perfectly inelastic.arrow_forward
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