Concept explainers
Compared with the nearest evolutionary relative, the chimpanzee, the human has a brain that is huge. At a point in the past, a common ancestor gave rise to the two species of humans and chimpanzees. That evolutionary history is long and is still an area of intense study. But something happened to increase the size of the human brain relative to the chimpanzee. Read this article (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/hugebrain) in which the author explores the current understanding of why this happened.
According to one hypothesis about the expansion of brain size, what tissue might have been sacrificed so energy was available to grow our larger brain? Based on what you know about that tissue and nervous tissue, why would there be a trade-off between them in terms of energy use?
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 13 Solutions
Anatomy and Physiology by OpenStax
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
College Physics
Microbiology: An Introduction
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
- Name one way the non-human primate brain differs from the human brain.arrow_forwardScientists studying orangutans on the Indonesian islands of Borneo and Sumatra recently found that the orangutans inhabiting the food-scarce island of Borneo have smaller brains than those on Sumatra, where food is abundant. From this observation, what can we infer about the relationship between brain size and diet in orangutan evolution?arrow_forwardimagine that you are a neurologist. A patient has come to you with a cognitive deficit in their ability to name objects. Describe a brain activity recording technique you would use (e.g., PET, fMRI) and the brain area you would focus on (e.g., occipital lobe, temporal lobe) to determine if they have brain damage in an area that is important for this ability. You must name and describe the specific recording technique.arrow_forward
- Alzheimer’s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease. Discuss approaches used to study the disease, giving examples of specific techniques and models, and evaluating their advantages and disadvantages. Discuss possible reasons for why effective treatments have not yet been developed. Use figures and diagrams to illustrate your answer. (This is a neuroscience question)arrow_forwardPick a human neuroscience research technique and describe two limitations or drawbacks of that technique. Remember that if I’m asking you to describe, you should be writing a little more and not just listing things.arrow_forwardHow are squalus (shark) brain and sheep brain similar and different? Please avoid copying the previous answer in bartleby. a. Similarities: ?b. Difference: ?arrow_forward
- Why is the human brain so uniquearrow_forwardAlzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological degenerative disorder that affects almost 50 million people worldwide. The cause of Alzheimer's disease is still not well understood. It is thought to be a combination of genetics, lifestyle, and environmental causes. It is also difficult to diagnose Alzheimer's disease during the initial stages of the disease as symptoms can be mistaken for normal aging. Currently, there is no cure for the disease. Medication can help manage the symptoms but degeneration of brain tissue cannot be stopped or reversed. One medication used to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease is a cholinesterase inhibitor. The medication helps to improve brain functioning and memory. What is the function of cholinesterase in the synapse? How does a cholinesterase inhibitor work in a synapse? Explain the function of cholinesterase inhibitor in increasing brain functioning and memoryarrow_forwardDesigners should, theoretically, be able to appeal to this level of the brain to get users to make decisions which they will justify later. A. The Lizard Brain B. The Mammal Brain C. The Human Brainarrow_forward
- Can any one help me with this ? I am making notes on diagrams. I want someone to describe given figure in details with step by step manner. please make two step First step - short description ( example -A figure shows the bones of the human endoskeleton, A table shows three types of joints.) Second step - long descriptionarrow_forwardAlzheimer's Disease Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects almost 50 million people worldwide. The cause of Alzheimer's disease is still not well understood. It is thought to be a combination of genetics, lifestyle, and environmental causes. It is also difficult to diagnose Alzheimer's disease during the initial stages of the disease as symptoms can be mistaken for normal ageing. Currently, there is no cure for the disease. Medication can help manage the symptoms but degeneration of brain tissue cannot be stopped or reversed. Currently, the medication that manages the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease is a type of cholinesterase inhibitor. In other words, the medication inhibits the function of cholinesterase and helps in brain functioning and memory. What is the function of cholinesterase in the synapse? How does a cholinesterase inhibitor work in a synapse? Explain how cholinesterase inhibitors are able to increase brain functioning and…arrow_forwardDiscuss how CNS and PNS work together in receiving stimuli and sending out a response. What could have been the factors in the environment that made the evolution of brain from fishes to mammals very interesting?arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education