Concept explainers
To explain: The inheritance pattern for genes compacted in the DNA of mitochondrion and chloroplast.
Introduction: All eukaryotic organisms contain chromosomes, and the number of chromosomes varies in different organisms. In humans and several other species, diploid (2n) number of chromosomes is present. The diploid number of chromosomes indicates that each parent contributes equally to the offspring. Therefore for humans, the diploid and haploid number is 46 and 23, respectively. Of these, 22 pairs are perfectly similar in both females and males and are referred to as autosomes. The rest of the pair is referred to as sex chromosomes: XY in males and XX in females. Doubling of gene products (sex-linked) is ultimately prevented by dosage compensation
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- How is chloroplast DNA inherited?arrow_forwardHow is mitochondrial DNA inherited? Compare the inheritance pattern of a mitochondrial DNA to that of a nuclear DNA.arrow_forwardExplain the reason whether the genetic information from two sister chromatids is passed from a single parent or both the parents.arrow_forward
- Chromosomes pass genetic information from one cell to another in cell generation. (j) Explain the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes during the passing of genetic information. (k) During the passing of genetic information from one generation to the next via chromosomes, nondisjunction can occur, interrupting the process. Describe the events that take place during nondisjunction.arrow_forwardHuman cells normally have 46 chromosomes. For each of the following stages, state the number of chromosomes and the number of DNA molecules found in these chromosomes that are present in a human cell. a) Metaphase of mitosis Metaphase I of meiosis c) Telophase of mitosis (after cytokinesis)arrow_forward99% of mitochondria are inherited from the mother. Mitochondria are thus primarily passed on from mother to offspring. Draw a pedigree showing a pattern that suggests a mitochondrial gene mutation. Explain step by step.arrow_forward
- Are mutations that arise during mitosis or meiosis the same? Explain in 15 sentences.arrow_forwardDescribe the transitions that occur as nucleosomes are coiled and folded, ultimately forming a chromatid.arrow_forwardDraw a single duplicated chromosome, labeling the chromatid(s) and centromerearrow_forward
- Discuss the structure and organization of the mitochondrial andchloroplast genomes. How large are they, how many genes do theycontain, and how many copies of the genome are found in eachorganelle?arrow_forwardExplain why cheek cells are diploid, and how does this affect the DNA?arrow_forwardDescribe the most common molecular mechanism for recessively inherited human genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosisarrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning