Chapter 14, Problem 14.37QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The common and IUPAC names for the given compound has to be provided.

Concept Introduction:

IUPAC naming of Carboxylic acids:

• The longest continuous carbon chain consisting of the carboxyl group i.e. the parent compound is determined.
• The carboxyl carbon is numbered as carbon-$\text{1}$.
• The –e ending of the parent alkane is replaced with suffix –oic acid.  If there are two carboxyl groups,–dioic acid is used as the suffix.
• The substituents are named and numbered.

Common name of substituted carboxylic acid:

• Substituted carboxylic acids are named as derivatives of the parent compound.  Common names end –ic acid rather than –oic acid.
• Greek letters are used to designate the position of the substituent.
• The atom adjacent to the carboxyl group is alpha, the next removed is beta and so on.

Answer to Problem 14.37QP

The common name of the given carboxylic acid is $\text{α-hydroxypropionic}\text{acid}\text{.}$

The IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is $\text{2-hydroxypropanoic}\text{acid}\text{.}$

Explanation of Solution

Common name:

The given compound is

Parent compound: Propane

Common name for the parent compound: Propionic acid

Substituent: Hydroxy in $\text{α-carbon}$

Name: $\text{α-hydroxypropionic}\text{acid}$

The common name of the given compound is $\text{α-hydroxypropionic}\text{acid}\text{.}$

IUPAC name:

The given compound is,

Parent compound: Propane

IUPAC name for the parent compound: Propanoic acid

Substituent: Hydroxy in carbon $\text{-2}$

Name: $\text{2-hydroxypropanoic}\text{acid}$

The IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is $\text{2-hydroxypropanoic}\text{acid}\text{.}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The common and IUPAC names for the given compounds has to be provided.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer to Problem 14.37QP

The common name of the given carboxylic acid is $\text{β-hydroxybutryic acid}\text{.}$

The IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is $\text{3-hydroxybutanoic}\text{acid}\text{.}$

Explanation of Solution

Common name:

The given compound is

Parent compound: Butane

Common name for the parent compound: Butyric acid

Substituent: Hydroxy in $\text{β-carbon}$

Name: $\text{β-hydroxybutryic acid}$

The common name of the given compound is $\text{β-hydroxybutryic acid}\text{.}$

IUPAC name:

The given compound is,

Parent compound: Butane

IUPAC name for the parent compound: Butanoic acid

Substituent: Hydroxy in carbon $\text{-3}$

Name: $\text{3-hydroxybutanoic}\text{acid}$

The IUPAC name of the given carboxylic acid is $\text{3-hydroxybutanoic}\text{acid}\text{.}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The common and IUPAC names for the given compounds has to be provided.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer to Problem 14.37QP

The common name for the given molecule is $\text{γ,γ-dimethylvaleric}\text{acid}\text{.}$

The IUPAC name for the given molecule is $\text{4,4-dimethylpentanoic}\text{acid}\text{.}$

Explanation of Solution

Common name:

The given compound is

Parent compound: Pentane

Common name for the parent compound: Valeric acid

Substituent: Two methyl groups in $\text{γ-}$ carbon

Name: $\text{γ,γ-dimethylvaleric}\text{acid}\text{.}$

The common name for the given molecule is $\text{γ,γ-dimethylvaleric}\text{acid}\text{.}$

IUPAC name:

The given compound is,

Parent compound: Pentane

IUPAC name for the parent compound: Pentanoic acid

Substituent: Two methyl groups is carbon $\text{-4}$

Name: $\text{4,4-dimethylpentanoic}\text{acid}$

The IUPAC name for the given molecule is $\text{4,4-dimethylpentanoic}\text{acid}\text{.}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The common and IUPAC names for the given compounds has to be provided.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

Answer to Problem 14.37QP

The common name for the given molecule is $\text{β,β-dichlorovaleric}\text{acid}\text{.}$

The IUPAC name for the given molecule is $\text{3,3-dichloropentanoic}\text{acid}\text{.}$

Explanation of Solution

Common name:

The given compound is

Parent compound: Pentane

Common name for the parent compound: Valeric acid

Substituent: Two chloro groups in $\text{β-}$ carbon

Name: $\text{β,β-dichlorovaleric}\text{acid}$

The common name for the given molecule is $\text{β,β-dichlorovaleric}\text{acid}\text{.}$

IUPAC name:

The given compound is,

Parent compound: Pentane

IUPAC name for the parent compound: Pentanoic acid

Substituent: Two methyl groups is carbon $\text{-3}$

Name: $\text{3,3-dichloropentanoic}\text{acid}$

The IUPAC name for the given molecule is $\text{3,3-dichloropentanoic}\text{acid}\text{.}$