Economics (Irwin Economics)
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259723223
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 14, Problem 1P
To determine
The punishment strategy for the cheating firm.
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Consider a “punishment” variation of the two-firm oligopoly situation shown in Figure 14.1. Suppose that if one firm sets a low price while the other sets a high price, then the firm setting the high price can fine the firm setting the low price. Suppose that whenever a fine is imposed, X dollars is taken from the low-price firm and given to the high-price firm. What is the smallest amount that the fine X can be such that both firms will want to always set the high price?
Sometimes oligopolies in the same industry are very different in size. Suppose we have a duopoly where one firm (Firm A) is large and the other firm (Firm B) is small, as the prisoner’s dilemma box in Table 10.4 shows.
Firm B colludes with Firm A
Firm B cheats by selling more output
Firm A colludes with Firm B
A gets $1,000, B gets $100
A gets $800, B gets $200
Firm A cheats by selling more output
A gets $1,050, B gets $50
A gets $500, B gets $20
Table10.4
Assuming that both firms know the payoffs, what is the likely outcome in this case?
Consider Firm A and Firm B, each with cost functions C(qA) = 5qA, and C(qB) = 5qB, The inverse market demand is given by p = 30 − Q, where Q = qA + qB represents the total quantity demanded in the market.
a) Suppose the firms compete in a Cournot oligopoly model. What are the quantities supplied by each firm and their profits?
b) Now let Firm A be the first-mover. If the firms compete in a Stackelberg oligopoly model, what are the quantities supplied by each firm and their profits?
c) How can you interpret the difference in profits between parts (a) and (b)? In other words, if you were Firm A, which scenario would you prefer, and what might this say in general?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Economics (Irwin Economics)
Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 1QQCh. 14.2 - The D2e segment of the demand curve D2eD1 graph...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 3QQCh. 14.2 - Prob. 4QQCh. 14 - Prob. 1DQCh. 14 - Prob. 2DQCh. 14 - Prob. 3DQCh. 14 - Prob. 4DQCh. 14 - Prob. 5DQCh. 14 - Prob. 6DQ
Ch. 14 - Prob. 7DQCh. 14 - Prob. 8DQCh. 14 - Prob. 9DQCh. 14 - Prob. 10DQCh. 14 - Prob. 11DQCh. 14 - Prob. 12DQCh. 14 - Prob. 13DQCh. 14 - Prob. 14DQCh. 14 - Prob. 1RQCh. 14 - Prob. 2RQCh. 14 - Prob. 3RQCh. 14 - Prob. 4RQCh. 14 - Prob. 5RQCh. 14 - Prob. 6RQCh. 14 - Prob. 7RQCh. 14 - Prob. 8RQCh. 14 - Prob. 9RQCh. 14 - Prob. 10RQCh. 14 - Prob. 1PCh. 14 - Prob. 2PCh. 14 - Prob. 3P
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Similar questions
- Sometimes oligopolies in the same industry are very different in size. Suppose we have a duopoly where one firm (Firm A) is large and the other firm (Firm B) is small, as shown in the prisoner’s dilemma box in Table 5. Firm B colludes with Firm A Firm B cheats by selling more output Firm A colludes with Firm B A gets $1,000, B gets $100 A gets $800, B gets $200 Firm A cheats by selling more output A gets $1,050, B gets $50 A gets $500, B gets $20 Assuming that the payoffs are known to both firms, what is the likely outcome in this case?arrow_forwardSometimes oligopolies in the same industry are very different in size. Suppose we have a duopoly where one firm(Firm A) is large and the other firm (Firm B) is small, as the prisoner’s dilemma box in Table 10.4 shows. Assuming that both firms know the payoffs, what is the likely outcome in this case?arrow_forwardPlease help with these two: 1. Consider a Duopoly model, in which two firms decide a quantity simultaneously. If they collude (setting the total quantity together), then each firm can earn (higher, or lower) profit than in the Cournot equilibrium. 2. Consider a collusion with two firms. The joint profit is maximized by setting quantity and price together. Each firm sells the agreed amount. However, believing that the other firm sells the agreed amount, there is always a temptation for the firm sell (more, or less) than the agreed amount.arrow_forward
- Consider an oligopoly with three firms that produce a homogeneous product. The market demand for the industry is Q = 120 - P. Market supply is determined by the output decisions of the firms. That is, Q = q1 + q2 + q3, where qi is the output of firm i. Each firm can produce at zero cost, and the firms behave non-cooperatively in deciding their output levels.A) Find the Cournot equilibria in this industry.B) What are the profits of each firm?C) Would (any) two firms have an incentive to merge, effectively converting the industry into a duopoly? (Justify your answer.)arrow_forwardConsider a duopolistic market in which the two identical firms compete by selecting their quantities. The inverse market demand is P(Q) = 210−Q and each firm has a marginal cost of $15 per unit. Assume that fixed costs are negligible for both firms. Cournot Model Determine the Nash-Cournot equilibrium for this market.(Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places.) Firm 1's quantity: q1= ? units. Firm 2's quantity: q2 = ? units. Market price: P= ? Stackelberg Model Determine the Nash-Stackelberg equilibrium for this market, assuming that Firm 1 is the Stackelberg leader. (Enter your responses rounded to two decimal places.) Firm 1's quantity: q1 = ? units Firm 2s quantity: q2 = ? units. Market price: P = ?arrow_forwardTwo duopolists are sharing a market in which they are contemplating whether to compete or to cooperate. If they cooperate and behave like a monopolist they will share the monopolist profit of $1800. If they compete each will get a profit of $800 but if one them cooperates while the other chooses to compete the one who cooperates gets $700 while the one who competes will end up with $1000. Set-up the game, explain the process and show the Nash-equilibrium reached when the game is played.arrow_forward
- How would the Cournot equilibrium change in the airline example if American's marginal cost were $90 and United's were $180? The demand the duopoly quantity-setting firms face is Q=339−p with an inverse demand function of p=339−1qA −1qU where qA is the quantity produced by American and qU is the quantity produced by United. The Cournot-Nash equilibrium occurs where qA equals ? enter your response here and qU equals? enter your response here. (enter numeric responses using integers) Furthermore, the equilibrium occurs at a price of ? (round your answer to the nearest penny)arrow_forwardExercise 6.7. Suppose two identical companies produce wood stoves and they are the only ones on the market. Its costs are given by: C1 (q1 )=200q1 and C2 (q2) = 200q2. And the inverse market demand curve is: P=2000-2Q, where Q =q1 + q2 Get the Cournot-Nash equilibrium. Calculate the profits of each company. Show graphically. Suppose that the two companies form a cartel to maximize joint profits. How many stoves will you produce? Calculate the profits of each company. Represent graphically. Managers now note that explicit agreements to collude are illegal. Each company must decide on its own whether to produce the amount of Cournot or that of the cartel.arrow_forwardTwo firms operate in a Cournot Duopoly with an inverse market demand function: P = 180 – 3Q, where Q = q1 + q2. Firm 1 has a total cost structure; TC1 = 50 + 2q1 + 2q1 2 and firm 2 had a total cost structure: TC2 = 100 + 3q2 + 3q2 2 . Answer the following questions: a. If both firms wish to compete, what is the optimal quantity for each firm (qi) and the market price? b. What are the profits for each firm from the strategy in part a? c. If both firms choose to collude and not directly compete, what is the new price, quantity, and profits for each firm?arrow_forward
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