Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14, Problem 2PDQ
CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 312. These all relate to the translation of genetic information stored in mRNA into proteins and how chemical information in proteins imparts function to those molecules. Write a short essay that discusses the role of ribosomes in the process of translation as it relates to these concepts.
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22-69 Indicate whether each of the following statementsrelating to protein synthesis is true or false.a. RNA is involved in both the transcription andtranslation phases of protein synthesis.b. DNA is the starting material for protein synthesis.c. The translation phase of protein synthesis convertsRNA to DNA.d. Transcription precedes translation in proteinsynthesis
As we focused on the translation of mRNA into proteins as well as on protein structure and function. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this informationwas acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter,what answers would you propose to the following fundamentalquestion
What experimental information verifies that certain codonsin mRNA specify chain termination during translation?
Describe the prokaryotic translation initiation shown in the diagram. Define the convention of protein synthesis (directionality of synthesis) as well as the meaning of the A, P, and E sites of the ribosome.
Chapter 14 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 14 - Prob. 1NSTCh. 14 - A series of mutations in the bacterium Salmonella...Ch. 14 - HbS results from the substitution of valine for...Ch. 14 - Given that a faulty ribosomal protein is the...Ch. 14 - A couple with a child affected with DBA undergoes...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3CSCh. 14 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on the...Ch. 14 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 14 - Contrast the roles of tRNA and mRNA during...Ch. 14 - Francis Crick proposed the adaptor hypothesis for...
Ch. 14 - During translation, what molecule bears the codon?...Ch. 14 - The chain of eukaryotic hemoglobin is composed of...Ch. 14 - Assuming that each nucleotide in an mRNA is 0.34...Ch. 14 - Summarize the steps involved in charging tRNAs...Ch. 14 - To carry out its role, each transfer RNA requires...Ch. 14 - What are isoaccepting tRNAs? Assuming that there...Ch. 14 - When a codon in an mRNA with the sequence 5-UAA-3...Ch. 14 - Discuss the potential difficulties of designing a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 13PDQCh. 14 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 14 - The synthesis of flower pigments is known to be...Ch. 14 - The study of biochemical mutants in organisms such...Ch. 14 - Explain why the one-gene: one-enzyme concept is...Ch. 14 - Why is an alteration of electrophoretic mobility...Ch. 14 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 14 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 14 - Prob. 21PDQCh. 14 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 14 - Several amino acid substitutions in the and ...Ch. 14 - Define and compare the four levels of protein...Ch. 14 - What are the two common types of protein secondary...Ch. 14 - How do covalent disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds...Ch. 14 - Prob. 27PDQCh. 14 - List three different types of posttranslational...Ch. 14 - Prob. 29PDQCh. 14 - How does an enzyme function? Why are enzymes...Ch. 14 - Prob. 31PDQCh. 14 - Three independently assorting genes (A, B, and C)...Ch. 14 - How would the results vary in cross (a) of Problem...Ch. 14 - Deep in a previously unexplored South American...Ch. 14 - Many antibiotics are effective as drugs to fight...Ch. 14 - The flow of genetic information from DNA to...Ch. 14 - Prob. 37ESP
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- How is the mRNA strand altered during mRNA processing (the intermediate step between transcription and translation)? How are these modifications helpful?arrow_forwardWhy chaperones are particularly important when translation occurs on membrane-bound ribosomes ?arrow_forwardIn EUKARYOTIC translation, how does initiation of translation occur? a) What components of the mature mRNA are involved (2 components) and b) what proteins are involved (at least 2 proteins)?arrow_forward
- What are translation elongation factors (EFs)?arrow_forwardIndicate the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the following mRNA molecule. Use the genetic code table and assume that the very first “AUG” the ribosome encounters will serve as the start codon and specify methionine. 5’-AAUUCAUGCCCAAAUUUGGGGCACGAAGCUUCUUAGGCUAGUCCUAAAAAA-3’arrow_forwardBriefly, describe one mode of post-translational modification that occurs once translation is finished.arrow_forward
- Explain the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic protein translation. Where is it located?arrow_forwardWhen glycoproteins are synthesized in the cell, at what stage of the polymerization of the protein are the sugar groups added: Prior to translation, cotranslationally, or posttranslationally?arrow_forwardSuppose the DNA sequence of a gene with 5 exons contains a mutation at the 5’ end of intron 2. Explain, in 4-8 sentences, the potential effects of this mutation on both the mature mRNA transcript, and the resulting protein. Please help explain this in 8 sentences or less, thank you!arrow_forward
- List and briefly explain. C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II function to ensure that the varoius sets of mRNA processing enzymes carry out their duties at the apporpiate time and place?arrow_forwardHow do prokaryotic cells overcome the problem of a stalled ribosome on an mRNA that has no termination codon? How do eukaryotic cells solve this problem?arrow_forwardWhat are the three stages of translation? Discuss the main events that occur during these three stages.arrow_forward
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