Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 14, Problem 2QSDC
Summary Introduction
To review:
The molecular ways in which the cAMP-CAP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate-catabolite activating protein) complex and the lac repressor influence the RNA (ribonucleic acid) polymerase function.
Introduction:
Transcription is the process of coding genetic information from DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) to messenger RNA. The process takes place in a transcription unit. The transcription unit contains apromoter, a template strand, a terminator and a coding strand.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Some organisms have mechanisms in place that will override transcription termination. One such mechanism using the Tat protein is employed by the HIV retrovirus. Explain why Tat is therefore a good target for HIV vaccination.
Which of the following statements concerning the sequence of events involved in the initiation of transcription by E. coli RNA polymerase are correct? ( can bemore than one)
A.)Initiation starts with a pyrimidine nucleotide triphosphate.
B.)The sigma factor (σ) functions during initiation of transcription.
C.)Initiation starts with a purine nucleotide triphosphate, which is destined to become the 5'-end of RNA.
D.)Initiation starts with a purine nucleotide triphosphate, which is destined to become the 3'-end of RNA.
E.)RNA polymerase binds to the DNA at a point approximately 35 bp upstream of the start of transcription, at a sequence TTGACA.
F.)The sigma factor does not dissociate until RNA elongation is complete.
For some time, it was not clear whether lac repressor inhibits lac operon transcription by inhibiting the binding of RNA polymerase to its promoter or by allowing transcription initiation but blocking elongation past the site of bound repressor. How might you distinguish between these possibilities?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 14.1 - 1. A repressor is a __________ that _________...Ch. 14.1 - 2. Which of the following combinations will cause...Ch. 14.2 - 1. What is an operon?
a. A site in the DNA where...Ch. 14.2 - The binding of _______ to lac repressor causes lac...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 14.2 - How does exposing an E. coli cell to glucose...Ch. 14.3 - When tryptophan binds to trp repressor, this...Ch. 14.3 - During attenuation, when tryptophan levels are...Ch. 14.3 - Operons involved with the biosynthesis of...Ch. 14.4 - 1. Translation can be regulated by
a....
Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 14.5 - 1. For a riboswitch that controls transcription,...Ch. 14 - 1. What is the difference between a constitutive...Ch. 14 - In general, why is it important to regulate genes?...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3CONQCh. 14 - Transcriptional regulation often involves a...Ch. 14 - An operon is repressible-a small effector molecule...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 14 - 7. What is enzyme adaptation? From a genetic point...Ch. 14 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 14 - Prob. 9CONQCh. 14 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 14 - Mutations may have an effect on the expression of...Ch. 14 - 12. Would a mutation that inactivated lac...Ch. 14 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 14 - 14. As shown in Figure 14.12, four regions within...Ch. 14 - 15. As described in Chapter 13, enzymes known as...Ch. 14 - 16. The combination of a 3–4 stem-loop and a...Ch. 14 - 17. Mutations in tRNA genes can create tRNAs that...Ch. 14 - Prob. 18CONQCh. 14 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 14 - A species of bacteria can synthesize the amino...Ch. 14 - 21. Using three examples, describe how allosteric...Ch. 14 - How are the actions of lac repressor and trp...Ch. 14 - 23. Transcriptional repressor proteins (e.g., lac...Ch. 14 - Answer the following questions that pertain to the...Ch. 14 - Chapter 21 describes a blotting method known as...Ch. 14 - As described in experimental question E2 and also...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4EQCh. 14 - Explain how the data shown in Figure 14.9 indicate...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6EQCh. 14 - Lets suppose you have isolated a mutant strain of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 14 - Prob. 2QSDC
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Different sensitivities to the mushroom toxin a-amanitin distinguish the three RNA polymerases from one another. Which of the following properties listed below also distinguish RNA Polymerase II from Pol I and Pol III? Options: Only RNA Pol II possesses a large subunit RNA Polymerase I and RNA Polymerase III do not require TBP for optimal transcription efficiency only RNA Polymerase II requires an ATP-dependent helicase to melt the DNA around the transcription start site Only RNA Polymerase II resembles the prokaryotic RNA Polymerase RNA Pol II has an extended N terminal region that becomes phosphorylated during intiationarrow_forwardGiven the Table below concerning the lac operon, match the letter with what would be occurring for each scenario. Repressor is bound to the operator, cAMP complex is bound and transcription is prevented. Allolactose is bound to the repressor, cAMP complex is bound, and transcription is prevalent. Allolactose is bound to the repressor, cAMP complex is not assembled, and transcription is slow Repressor is bound to the operator, cAMP complex is not assembled, and transcription is prevented.arrow_forwardYou manipulate the cro and cI/lambda repressor proteins so that they end up with swapped DNA binding domains (cI now has cro’s DNA binding domain, and cro now has cIs). This mutant bacteriophage then infects a happy, healthy population of bacterial cells. How will this modified cro protein interact with the three OR sites, and how would cro expression be affected? Include a drawing if possible.arrow_forward
- In the lac operon system, do the inducers act at the transcription or translation level? Explain why it acts in that level in a short but concise way.arrow_forwardThe mRNA used for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine from Pfizer/BioNTech is generated in a cell-free system by transcribing a DNA template. The T7 promoter is used as a signal to start transcription. What is the T7 promoter, and give one reason why it is used.arrow_forwardUsing the lac operon as a model, explain the role of inducers, repressors, and inducer exclusion.arrow_forward
- There is Hyaluronic acid synthesis occuring in Group X Strep and it is controlled by an operon with 3 genes, called hasXYZ. Based on the 3-line diagram model, a. How many ribosome binding sites are there for the protein? b. How many promoters are there for the genes? c. How many start codons are there for the protein? d. How many RNA Polymerase binding locations are there for the genes? e. How many proteins will be fully functional? f. How many mRNA strands are made?arrow_forwardAttardi et al (1963) found out that lactose operon mRNA synthesis in E. coli increased with the addition of an inducer. Explain why the inducer act at the transcription level.arrow_forwardA particular mutation in the bacterial sigma factor allows this protein to bind RNA polymerase but prevents it from coming off (detaching) RNA polymerase once it binds. What specific effect will this mutation have on transcription? It will prevent the transcription termination exerted by the Rho protein. It will prevent the formation of closed complexes between RNA polymerase and the promoter. It will prevent the formation of open complexes between RNA polymerase and the promoter. It will prevent the transition from the transcription initiation to the transcription elongation stage. It will prevent the synthesis of abortive RNA transcripts while the RNA polymerase is bound at the promoter.arrow_forward
- How does the binding of the trp corepressor and the lac inducer to their respective repressor proteins alter repressor function and transcription in each case? What if there was a mutation in the operator region of the lac operon and the active repressor could not bind there? How would this affect the cell’s production of β–galactosidase? In general, Histone acetylation makes DNA ___________________, while DNA methylation makes DNA ________________.arrow_forwardThe effect that cAMP has on CAP is that a. it causes LacI to bind a promoter. b. it causes CAP to stabilize RNA polymerase binding of a promoter. c. it causes TrpR to bind a promoter. d. it causes RNA polymerase to not bind a promoter.arrow_forwardDescribe how the components of the trp operon system are affected by a mutation in trpC? Why is it that once enviornmental tryptophan is inserted into the cell, only the trp repressor is activated (turned on)?arrow_forward
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