Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259660269
Author: Sylvia S. Mader, Dr., Michael Windelspecht
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill
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Chapter 14, Problem 3TC
Both Darwin and Wallace, while observing life on islands, concluded that natural selection is the mechanism for biological evolution. The Hawaiian and nearby islands once had at least 50 species of honeycreepers, and they lived nowhere else on Earth. Natural selection occurs everywhere and in all species. What characteristics of islands allow the outcome of natural selection to be so obvious?
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Both Darwin and Wallace, while observing life on islands, concluded that natural selection is the mechanism for biological evolution. The Hawaiian and nearby islands once had at least 30 species of honeycreeper birds and lived nowhere else on earth. Natural section occurs everywhere in all species. What characteristics of islands allow the outcome of natural selection to be so obvious?
Darwin proposed natural selection as a mechanism for evolution. How is it similar to artificial selection? How is it different?For natural selection to work, there must be genetic variation within a population as well as mutations? Why must there be both?
One of the lines of evidence that led Darwin to the theory of natural selection was his study of artificial selection. Plant breeders and pigeon breeders select offspring with specific traits in mind beforehand.
a) However, since humans are an integral part of the natural world, do you think that artificial selection might be more appropriately termed “natural selection”? Why?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Essentials of Biology (5th International Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 14.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 14.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 14.1 - Prob. 4LOCh. 14.1 - Summarize Cuvier`s and Lamarck’s views on...Ch. 14.1 - Distinguish between the process of natural...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 14.1 - Prob. 1ACh. 14.1 - Prob. 2ACh. 14.1 - Prob. 3A
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 4ACh. 14.1 - Prob. 5ACh. 14.2 - 1. Explain how the fossil record. biogeographical...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 14.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 14.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 14.2 - Prob. 6ACh. 14.2 - Prob. 7ACh. 14.2 - Prob. 8ACh. 14.2 - For questions 9-12, match the description with the...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 10ACh. 14.2 - Prob. 11ACh. 14.2 - Prob. 12ACh. 14.2 - Prob. 13ACh. 14.2 - Prob. 14ACh. 14 - Prob. 1BYBCh. 14 - Prob. 2BYBCh. 14 - Prob. S1.2BYBCh. 14 - Prob. S9.1BYBCh. 14 - Prob. S9.2BYBCh. 14 - Prob. 1TCCh. 14 - Prob. 2TCCh. 14 - Both Darwin and Wallace, while observing life on...
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- Which of the following is not part of Darwins mechanism of evolution? (a) differential reproductive success (b) variation in a population (c) inheritance of acquired (nongenetic) traits (d) overproduction of offspring (e) struggle for existencearrow_forwardWhile the French biologist LaMarck was correct in proposing that evolution does occur, he believed that the long necks of giraffes evolved as generations of giraffes reached for ever higher leaves on the trees. Using these observations, LaMarck proposed the theory that evolution occurs due to the inheritance of characteristics acquired during an organism’s lifetime. From what you know about the scientific method, why is this incorrect?arrow_forwardWhat did Darwin’s travels reveal to him about the number and variety of living species? How did tortoises and birds differ among the islands of the Galapagos? What is evolution? Why is referred to as a theory? Darwin found fossils of many organisms that were different from any living species. How would this finding has affected his understanding of life diversity?arrow_forward
- While hiking in the andes mountain in south america, darwin found a glyptodon fossil that resembled the modern armadillo. This evidence was used by Darwin to support his theory of natural selection by showing how species have..arrow_forwardWhat are some of the ways that Darwin's theory of natural selection played out in human evolution? Can you see evidence of particular adaptations as our ancestors evolved, speciated, and in some cases went extinct?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a characteristic of natural selection? a) Variation exists among individuals in a population b) Some individuals are better adapted to their environment than others c) Organisms evolve to fit a predetermined goal or plan d) The better-adapted individuals are more likely to survive and reproducearrow_forward
- What Darwin never knew . What did Darwin notice during his study of embryos? How did this influence his theory? How did artificial selection influence Darwin’s theory? During the time of Darwin how were the prevailing views of how species were created /behaved different from Darwin’s observations of nature?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not an example of natural selection? Development of tanned skin in humans Evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria Changes in beaks of finches on Daphne Major Industrial melanism in peppered mothsarrow_forwardA population of birds lives on a mountain. In this population, there are red-winged birds, orange-winged birds, and blue-winged birds. A predatory snake eats more of the blue-winged birds because they are not well camouflaged on the red and orange plants that grow on the mountain. This is an example of which mechanism of evolution? Group of answer choices Gene flow Cryptic coloration Natural selection Sexual selection Genetic driftarrow_forward
- During drought years on the Galapagos, small, easily eaten seeds become rare leaving only large, hard-cased seeds that only birds with large beaks can eat. If the drought persists for several years, then what should one expect to result from natural selection? Explain your reasoning based on the postulates of the Darvin natural selection theory.arrow_forwardDarwin observed that all organisms show variation. Is there any population of organisms that is an exception?arrow_forwardIf natural selection can only operate on existing variants, where does all that variation come from? If, as Darwin (1868) and Huxley concluded, variation arose from changes in development, then how could the development of an embryo change when development is so finely tuned and complex?arrow_forward
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