Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321989178
Author: Neil A. Weiss
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 1.4, Problem 91E
Treating Heart Failure. In the journal article “Cardiac- Resynchronization Therapy with or without an Implantable Defibrillator in Advanced Chronic Heart Failure” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 350, pp. 2140–2150), M. Bristow et al. reported the results of a study of methods for treating patients who had advanced heart failure due to ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathies. A total of 1520 patients were randomly assigned in a 1:2:2 ratio to receive optimal pharmacologic therapy alone or in combination with either a pacemaker or a pacemaker–defibrillator combination. The patients were then observed until they died or were hospitalized for any cause.
- a. How many treatments were there?
- b. Which group would be considered the control group?
- c. How many treatment groups were there? Which treatments did they receive?
- d. How many patients were in each of the three groups studied?
- e. Explain how a table of random numbers or a random-number generator could be used to divide the patients into the three groups.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Child-Proof Bottles. Designing medication packaging that resists opening by children, but yields readily to adults, presents numerous challenges. In the article “Painful Design” (American Scientist, Vol. 93, No. 2, pp. 113–118), H. Petroski examined the packaging used for Aleve, a brand of pain reliever. Three new container designs were given to a panel of children aged 42 months to 51 months. For each design, the children were handed the bottle, shown how to open it, and then left alone with it. If more than 20% of the children succeeded in opening the bottle on their own within 10 minutes, even if by using their teeth, the bottle failed to qualify as child resistant. Identify the
a. experimental units.
b. response variable.
c. factor(s).
d. levels of each factor.
e. treatments.
PCBs and Pelicans. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), industrial pollutants, are known to be carcinogens and a great danger to natural ecosystems. As a result of several studies, PCB production was banned in the United States in 1979 and by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001. One study, published in 1972 by R. Risebrough, is titled “Effects of Environmental Pollutants Upon Animals Other Than Man” (Proceedings of the 6th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematics and Statistics, VI, University of California Press, pp. 443–463). In that study, 60 Anacapa pelican eggs were collected and measured for their shell thickness, in millimeters (mm), and concentration of PCBs, in parts per million (ppm). The data are on the WeissStats site.
a. obtain and interpret the standard error of the estimate.
b. obtain a residual plot and a normal probability plot of the residuals.
c. decide whether you can reasonably consider Assumptions 1–3 for regression inferences met by the two…
An article in Biotechnology Progress [“Optimization of Conditions for Bacteriocin Extraction in PEG/Salt Aqueous Two-Phase Systems Using Statistical Experimental Designs” (2001, Vol. 17, pp. 366–368)] reported an experiment to investigate and optimize the extraction of nisin in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). Nisin recovery was the dependent variable (y). The two regressor variables were the concentration (%) of PEG 4000 (indicated as x1) and the concentration (%) of Na2SO4 (indicated as x2). The data is shown below.
a) Find the fit parameters of the proposed model.
b) Establish, by means of a hypothesis test, if the regression is significant.
c) State, if the regression coefficients are significant.
d) Evaluate R2 as well as R_adjusted^2.
e) Construct and analyze the residual plot.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
Ch. 1.1 - Define the following terms: a. Population b....Ch. 1.1 - What are the two major types of statistics?...Ch. 1.1 - Identify some methods used in descriptive...Ch. 1.1 - Explain two ways in which descriptive statistics...Ch. 1.1 - Define the following terms: a. Observational study...Ch. 1.1 - Fill in the following blank: Observational studies...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.71.12, classify each of the studies...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.71.12, classify each of the studies...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.71.12, classify each of the studies...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.71.12, classify each of the studies...
Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.71.12, classify each of the studies...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.71.12, classify each of the studies...Ch. 1.1 - Thoughts on Evolution. In an article titled Who...Ch. 1.1 - Big-Banks Break-up. A nationwide survey of 1000...Ch. 1.1 - Genocide. The document American Attitudes about...Ch. 1.1 - Vasectomies and Prostate Cancer. Refer to the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.171.22, state whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.171.22, state whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.171.22, state whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.171.22, state whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.171.22, state whether the...Ch. 1.1 - In Exercises 1.171.22, state whether the...Ch. 1.1 - Ballistic Fingerprinting. In an on-line press...Ch. 1.1 - Causes of Death. The National Center for Health...Ch. 1.1 - Medical Testing on Animals. In its Summer 2013...Ch. 1.1 - Lobbying Congress. In the special report, Bitter...Ch. 1.2 - Explain why a census is often not the best way to...Ch. 1.2 - Identify two statistical methods other than a...Ch. 1.2 - In sampling, explain why obtaining a...Ch. 1.2 - Provide a scenario of your own in which a sample...Ch. 1.2 - Regarding probability sampling: a. What is it? b....Ch. 1.2 - Regarding simple random sampling: a. What is...Ch. 1.2 - The inferential procedures discussed in this book...Ch. 1.2 - Identify two methods for obtaining a simple random...Ch. 1.2 - What is the acronym used for simple random...Ch. 1.2 - The members of a population are numbered 15. a....Ch. 1.2 - The members of a population are numbered 14. a....Ch. 1.2 - The members of a population are numbered 190. a....Ch. 1.2 - The members of a population are numbered 150. a....Ch. 1.2 - Memorial Day Poll. In the year 2000, an on-line...Ch. 1.2 - Estimating Median Income. Explain why a sample of...Ch. 1.2 - Oklahoma State Officials. The five top Oklahoma...Ch. 1.2 - Oklahoma State Officials. The five top Oklahoma...Ch. 1.2 - Best-Selling Albums. The Recording Industry...Ch. 1.2 - Best-Selling Albums. Refer to Exercise 1.44. a....Ch. 1.2 - Best-Selling Albums. Refer to Exercise 1.44. a....Ch. 1.2 - Social Networking Websites. From Wikipedia.com, we...Ch. 1.2 - Keno. In the game of keno, 20 balls are selected...Ch. 1.2 - The International 500. Each year, Fortune Magazine...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 50ECh. 1.2 - Prob. 51ECh. 1.2 - Undercoverage. Oftentimes, an accurate and...Ch. 1.2 - Nonresponse. When responses are not obtained from...Ch. 1.2 - Response bias. When the behavior of the...Ch. 1.3 - In each of Exercises 1.551.58, fill in the...Ch. 1.3 - In each of Exercises 1.551.58, fill in the...Ch. 1.3 - In each of Exercises 1.551.58, fill in the...Ch. 1.3 - In each of Exercises 1.551.58, fill in the...Ch. 1.3 - The members of a population have been numbered...Ch. 1.3 - The members of a population have been numbered...Ch. 1.3 - The members of a population have been numbered...Ch. 1.3 - The members of a population have been numbered...Ch. 1.3 - The members of a population have been numbered...Ch. 1.3 - The members of a population have been numbered...Ch. 1.3 - Ghost of Speciation Past. In the article, Ghost of...Ch. 1.3 - Number of Farms. The National Agricultural...Ch. 1.3 - John F. Kennedy. In one of his books, Ted...Ch. 1.3 - Litigation Surveys. In the article,...Ch. 1.3 - Immunization of Schoolchildren. In the article,...Ch. 1.3 - University Parking Facilities. During one year, a...Ch. 1.3 - The International 500. In Exercise 1.49 on page...Ch. 1.3 - Keno. In the game of keno, 20 balls are selected...Ch. 1.3 - Sampling Dorm Residents. Students in the...Ch. 1.3 - Best High Schools. In an issue of Newsweek (Vol....Ch. 1.3 - U.S. House of Representatives. There are 435...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 76ECh. 1.3 - Prob. 77ECh. 1.3 - In simple random sampling, all samples of a given...Ch. 1.3 - In simple random sampling, it is also true that...Ch. 1.3 - In simple random sampling, it is also true that...Ch. 1.4 - In a designed experiment, a. what are the...Ch. 1.4 - State and explain the significance of the three...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 83ECh. 1.4 - In this section, we discussed two types of...Ch. 1.4 - In a designed experiment, there is one factor with...Ch. 1.4 - In a designed experiment, there is one factor with...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 87ECh. 1.4 - In a designed experiment, there are two factors,...Ch. 1.4 - In a designed experiment, there are two factors....Ch. 1.4 - Adverse Effects of Prozac. Prozac (fluoxetine...Ch. 1.4 - Treating Heart Failure. In the journal article...Ch. 1.4 - In Exercises 1.921.97, we present descriptions of...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 93ECh. 1.4 - In Exercises 1.921.97, we present descriptions of...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 95ECh. 1.4 - In Exercises 1.921.97, we present descriptions of...Ch. 1.4 - In Exercises 1.921.97, we present descriptions of...Ch. 1.4 - Prob. 98ECh. 1.4 - Dental Hygiene: Which Toothbrush? In an experiment...Ch. 1.4 - The Salk Vaccine. In Exercise 1.17 on page 8, we...Ch. 1.4 - In sampling from a population, state which type of...Ch. 1 - Almost any inferential study involves aspects of...Ch. 1 - Regarding observational studies and designed...Ch. 1 - Before planning and conducting a study to obtain...Ch. 1 - Explain the meaning of a. a representative sample....Ch. 1 - Which of the following sampling procedures involve...Ch. 1 - Describe each of the following sampling methods...Ch. 1 - Identify and explain the significance of the three...Ch. 1 - Baseball Scores. From ESPN MLB Scoreboard, we...Ch. 1 - Working Lottery Winners. In a national poll taken...Ch. 1 - British Backpacker Tourists. Research by G. Visser...Ch. 1 - Peanut Allergies. In the article Food Allergy...Ch. 1 - Persistent Poverty and IQ. An article appearing in...Ch. 1 - Wasp Hierarchical Status. In an issue of Discover...Ch. 1 - Incomes of College Students Parents. A researcher...Ch. 1 - On-Time Airlines. From the FlightStats On-time...Ch. 1 - Top North American Athletes. As part of ESPNs...Ch. 1 - QuickVote. TalkBack Live, a production of CNN,...Ch. 1 - Leisure Activities and Dementia. An article...Ch. 1 - Hepatitis B and Pancreatic Cancer. The article...Ch. 1 - Top North American Athletes. Refer to Problem 17....Ch. 1 - Water Quality. In the article Randomized...Ch. 1 - Prob. 23RPCh. 1 - Plant Density and Tomato Yield. In Effects of...Ch. 1 - Child-Proof Bottles. Designing medication...Ch. 1 - Prob. 26RPCh. 1 - Comparing Gas Mileages. An experiment is to be...Ch. 1 - The file named Focus.txt in the Focus Database...Ch. 1 - At the beginning of this chapter, we discussed the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- PCBs and Pelicans. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), industrial pollutants, are known to be carcinogens and a great danger to natural ecosystems. As a result of several studies, PCB production was banned in the United States in 1979 and by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001. One study, published in 1972 by R. W. Risebrough, is titled ‘‘Effects of Environmental Pollutants Upon Animals Other Than Man’’ (Proceedings of the 6th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematics and Statistics, VI, University of California Press, pp. 443–463). In that study, 60 Anacapa pelican eggs were collected and measured for their shell thickness, in millimeters (mm), and concentration of PCBs, in parts per million (ppm). Following is a relative-frequency histogram of the PCB concentration data.arrow_forwardSecond-Hand Smoke: Data Set 12 “Passive and Active Smoke” in Appendix B includes cotinine levels measured in a group of nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 60.58 ng>mL, s = 138.08 ng>mL) and a group of nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 16.35 ng>mL, s = 62.53 ng>mL). Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine, meaning that when nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is produced. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke have a higher mean cotinine level than nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke. Construct the confidence interval appropriate for the hypothesis test in part a. What do you conclude about the effects of second-hand smoke?arrow_forwardThe aging Neotropical termites (Neocapritermes taracua) secrete a sticky, blue-colored liquid that they spew to intruding termites. The younger Neotropical termites secrete a liquid that lacks the blue component, so it is white in appearance. In an experiment that measured the toxicity of the blue substance, the researchers placed one drop of either the blue liquid or the white liquid on individuals of a second termite species, Labiotermes labralis. Of the 41 Labiotermes labralis that got the blue drop, 37 were immobilized. Of the 40 Labiotermes labralis that got the white drop, 9 were immobilized. Is the blue liquid toxic compared to the white liquid?arrow_forward
- Soil samples were collected at two areas surrounding an abandoned mine and analyzed for lead. At each area several samples were taken. The soil was extracted with acid, and the extract was analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. In Area A, Pb concentrations were 1.2, 1.0, 0.9, 1.4 mg/kg. In Area B, Pb concentrations were 0.7, 1.0, 0.5, 0.6, 0.4 mg/kg. Are these two areas significantly different from each other with Pb concentrations at 90% confidence level?arrow_forwardIn a study of exhaust emissions from school buses, the pollution intake by passengers was determined for a sample of nine school buses used in the Southern California Air Basin. The pollution intake is the amount of exhaust emissions, in grams per person per million grams emitted, that would be inhaled while traveling on the bus during its usual 18-mile18-mile trip on congested freeways from South Central LA to a magnet school in West LA. (In comparison, a city of 11 million people will inhale a total of about 1212 grams of exhaust per million grams emitted.) The amounts for the nine buses when driven with the windows open are given in the table. 1.15 0.33 0.40 0.33 1.35 0.38 0.25 0.40 0.35 A good way to judge the effect of outliers is to do your analysis twice, once with the outliers and a second time without them. Give the 90%90% confidence interval with all the data for the mean pollution intake among all school buses used in the Southern California Air Basin that…arrow_forwardBody Fat. J. McWhorter et al. of the College of Health Sciences at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, studied physical therapy students during their graduate-school years. The researchers were interested in the fact that, although graduate physical-therapy students are taught the principles of fitness, some have difficulty finding the time to implement those principles. In the study, published as “An Evaluation of Physical Fitness Parameters for Graduate Students” (Journal of American College Health, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 32–37), a sample of 27 female graduate physical-therapy students had a mean of 22.46 percent body fat. a. Assuming that percent body fat of female graduate physicaltherapy students is normally distributed with standard deviation 4.10 percent body fat, determine a 95% confidence interval for the mean percent body fat of all female graduate physical-therapy students. b. Obtain the margin of error, E, for the confidence interval you found in part (a). c. Explain the…arrow_forward
- The extending research findings and conclusions from a study conducted on a sample population to the population at large is called? Transferability Generalizability Causality All of the abovearrow_forwardThe Salk Vaccine. In the 1940s and early 1950s, the public was greatly concerned about polio. In an attempt to prevent this disease, Jonas Salk of the University of Pittsburgh developed a polio vaccine. In a test of the vaccine’s efficacy, involving nearly 2 million grade-school children, half of the children received the Salk vaccine; the other half received a placebo, in this case an injection of salt dissolved in water. Neither the children nor the doctors performing the diagnoses knew which children belonged to which group, but an evaluation center did. The center found that the incidence of polio was far less among the children inoculated with the Salk vaccine. From that information, the researchers concluded that the vaccine would be effective in preventing polio for all U.S. school children; consequently, it was made available for general use.arrow_forwardResearchers interested in lead exposure due to car exhaust sampled the blood of 52 police officers subjected to constant inhalation of automobile exhaust fumes while working traffic enforcement in a primarily urban environment. The blood samples of these officers had an average lead concentration of 124.32 µg/l and a SD of 37.74 µg/l; a previous study of individuals from a nearby suburb, with no history of exposure, found an average blood level concentration of 35 µg/l. Test the hypothesis that the downtown police officers have a higher lead exposure than the group in the previous study. Interpret your results in context. Based on your preceding result, without performing a calculation, would a 99% confidence interval for the average blood concentration level of police officers contain 35 µg/l? Based on your preceding result, without performing a calculation, would a 99% confidence interval for this difference contain 0? Explain why or why not.arrow_forward
- Size of Car Small Medium Large Foreign 291 250 340 548 501 696 507 396 333 Domestic 408 472 217 374 368 331 370 345 168 Source DF SS MS F P Type 1 36360 36360.1 2.42 0.146 Size 2 14396 7198.2 0.48 0.630 Interaction 2 41221 20610.7 1.37 0.290 Error 12 180113 15009.4 Total 17 272091 Use the technology display, which results from the head injury measurements from car crash dummies listed below. The measurements are in hic (head injury criterion) units, and they are from the same cars used for the table below. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the given claim. Test the null hypothesis that head injury measurements are not affected by an interaction between the type of car (foreign, domestic) and size of the car (small, medium, large). What do you conclude? what…arrow_forwardIn August and September 2005, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita caused extraordinary flooding in New Orleans, Louisiana. Many homes were severely damaged or destroyed; of those that survived, many required extensive cleaning. It was thought that cleaning flood-damaged homes might present a health hazard due to the large amounts of mold present in many of the homes. The article “Health Effects of Exposure to Water-Damaged New Orleans Homes Six Months After Hurricanes Katrina and Rita” (K. Cummings, J. Cox-Ganser, et al., American Journal of Public Health, 2008:869–875) reports that in a sample of 365 residents of Orleans Parish who had participated in the cleaning of one or more homes, 77 had experienced symptoms of wheezing, and in a sample of 179 residents who had not participated in cleaning, 23 reported wheezing symptoms (numbers read from a graph). Can you conclude that the frequency of wheezing symptoms is greater among those residents who participated in the cleaning of flood-damaged…arrow_forwardTest the claim that the proportion of men who own cats is significantly different than the proportion of women who own cats at the 0.1 significance level. 1.The null and alternative hypothesis would be: H 0 : mu M = mu F H 1 : mu M < mu F H 1 :p M >p 1 mu F H 0 :p M =p 1 matrix p F &H 0 \\ p F &H 1 matrix ] therefore mu M > mu E 0 ^ * p M =p F * H 1 :p M =p F H 0 : mu M = mu F 2. The test is: two- tailed right -tailed left- tailed Based on a sample of 60 men , 35% owned cats Based on a sample of 80 women , 60 % owned cats 3.The test statistic is: I (to 2 decimals ) 4. The p-value is: (to 4 decimals answer 3 and 4 pleasearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- MATLAB: An Introduction with ApplicationsStatisticsISBN:9781119256830Author:Amos GilatPublisher:John Wiley & Sons IncProbability and Statistics for Engineering and th...StatisticsISBN:9781305251809Author:Jay L. DevorePublisher:Cengage LearningStatistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...StatisticsISBN:9781305504912Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. WallnauPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...StatisticsISBN:9780134683416Author:Ron Larson, Betsy FarberPublisher:PEARSONThe Basic Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319042578Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. FlignerPublisher:W. H. FreemanIntroduction to the Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319013387Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. CraigPublisher:W. H. Freeman
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
Statistics
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305251809
Author:Jay L. Devore
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305504912
Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...
Statistics
ISBN:9780134683416
Author:Ron Larson, Betsy Farber
Publisher:PEARSON
The Basic Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319042578
Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. Fligner
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319013387
Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. Craig
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Statistics 4.1 Point Estimators; Author: Dr. Jack L. Jackson II;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MrI0J8XCEE;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Statistics 101: Point Estimators; Author: Brandon Foltz;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4v41z3HwLaM;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Central limit theorem; Author: 365 Data Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b5xQmk9veZ4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Point Estimate Definition & Example; Author: Prof. Essa;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTVwtvQmSn0;License: Standard Youtube License
Point Estimation; Author: Vamsidhar Ambatipudi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=flqhlM2bZWc;License: Standard Youtube License