Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 14, Problem 9TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
There are sometimes errors in DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid that takes place during
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During X inactivation, all but one gene get silenced on one X chromosome. Why does one gene escape the inactivation?
A) That is the gene responsible for inactivating the others
B) Two copies of that gene are needed in females, so both are active
C) X inactivation is rarely complete, so occasionally one or two genes get activated by mistake
D) That is the gene that encodes the methyltransferase needed to methylate the genome.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a spontaneous mutation?
A) errors in replication of DNA polymerase
B) ALL of these are examples of spontaneous mutations
C) covalent alteration of DNA by chemical products of fatty acid metabolism
D) incorporation of a nucleotide analog during DNA synthesis
E) failure to correct an apurinic site
F) nondisjunction during meiosis
A small DNA molecule was cleaved with several different restriction nucleases, and the size of each fragment was determined by gel electrophoresis.The following data were obtained.
(a) Is the original molecule linear or circular?(b) Draw a map of restriction sites (showing distances between sites) that isconsistent with the data given.(c) How many additional maps are compatible with the data?(d) What would have to be done to locate the cleavage sites unambiguouslywith respect to each other?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 14.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 14.3 - What is the importance of complementary base...Ch. 14.3 - Why is a primer needed for DNA replication? How is...Ch. 14.3 - DNA polymerase III and DNA polymerase I are used...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 4SBCh. 14.4 - Why is a proofreading mechanism important for DNA...
Ch. 14 - Working on the Amazon River, a biologist isolated...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 14 - Pyrimidines built from a single carbon ring are:...Ch. 14 - Which of the following statements about DNA...Ch. 14 - Which of the following statements about DNA is...Ch. 14 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 14 - Discuss Concepts Eukaryotic chromosomes can be...Ch. 14 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 14 - Discuss Concepts During replication, an error...Ch. 14 - Design an Experiment Design an experiment using...Ch. 14 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 14 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 14 - Prob. 2ITD
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- Which of the following statements about inherited DNA repair syndromes are correct (select all that apply)? A. There are no known genetic defects in Homologous Recombination Repair pathways in humnas B. Mutant BRCA 1 or 2 alleles are the most common genetic defect found in colon cancers C. Individuals with genetic defects in Nucleotide Excision Repair are more sensitive to UV light-induced cancers D. The increased skin cancer risk syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum is due to defects in Nucleotide Excision Repair enzymes E. Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer is associated with defects in Mismatch Repair enzymesarrow_forwardA certain mutant DNA polymerase is error-prone, tending to incorporate C opposite a template A. When such a DNA polymerase replicates a segment of DNA containing an A · T base pair, what will be the DNA composition in the daughter cells after (a) one and (b) two rounds of cell division? Assume that DNA repair does not occur.arrow_forwardXeroderma pigmentosum is a genetic disease caused by an error in the nucleotide excision repair process that fixes damage to DNA by ultraviolet light. Studies have shown that it can result from mutations in any one of seven genes. What can you infer from this finding? A) There are seven genes that produce the same protein B) These seven genes are the most easily damaged by ultraviolet light. C) There are seven enzymes involved in the nucleotide excision repair process. D) These mutations have resulted from translocation of gene segments.arrow_forward
- a) What dipeptide is produced from the following segment of DNA: AGAGAT? (b) What happens to the dipeptide when a point mutation occurs and the DNA segment contains the sequence ATAGAT instead?arrow_forwardSuppose that E. coli synthesizes DNA at a rate of 100,000 nucleotides per minute and takes 40 minutes to replicate its chromosome. (a) How many base pairs are present in the entire E. coli chromosome? (b) What is the physical length of the chromosome in its helical configuration—that is, what is the circumference of the chromosome if it were opened into a circle?arrow_forwardA). Briefly describe the function of telomerase. B). How does the structure of telomerase allow it to complete the function you described?arrow_forward
- A recent estimate of the rate of base substitutions atSNP loci is about 1 × 10−8 per nucleotide pair pergamete.a. Based on this estimate, about how many de novomutations (that is, mutations not found in the genomes of your parents) are present in your own genome?b. Where and when did these de novo mutations inyour genome most likely occur?c. It has been calculated that each sperm made in a25-year-old man is the result on average of about300 rounds of cell division, starting with the firstmitotic division of the male zygote. In contrast,each mature oocyte found in a 5-month-old femalehuman fetus is the result of about 25 rounds of division, starting with the first mitotic division of thefemale zygote. What bearing do these calculations have on the estimate of the rate of base substitutions in humans, and on your answer to part (b)?arrow_forwardDo you think the “Trombone” model is an adequate mechanism for elongation of chromosome replication? Why? b. Provide a possible mechanism for spontaneous mutation generated during chromosome replication.arrow_forwardIt is desired to isolate genomic DNA from liquid culture of S. cerevisiae yeast. A commercial kit will be used to isolate genomic DNA from this liquid culture. Answer the following questions to understand the strategy used by commercial kits for genomic DNA isolation. a) List all the steps from cell pellet preparation to DNA elution. b) With which feature can the membrane in the column that comes with the commercial kit bind DNA? c) Which component in the kit would you use to recover the DNA from the membrane of the column to which the DNA was attached?arrow_forward
- a. What is the purpose of molecular cloning?b. What purpose do selectable markers serve in vectors?c. What is the purpose of the origin of replication in aplasmid vector?d. Why do cloning vectors have polylinkers?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are correct about telomeres (select all that apply)? A. A total of 6 nucleotides are lost at the end of each chromsome during each replication cycle. B. Addition of telomerase to cells that have undergone breakage-fusion-bridge cycles can reverse crisis C. Shortening of telomeres prevents cells from becoming cancerous even if they have oncogenes and defective tumor suppressor genes D. All cancer cells express high levels of telomerase E. Chromosomes without telomeres tend to undergo end-to-end fusionsarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is correct? a. If a deletion and a duplication are the same size, the deletionis more likely to be harmful.b. If a deletion and a duplication are the same size, the duplicationis more likely to be harmful.c. If a deletion and a duplication are the same size, the likelihoodof causing harm is about the same.d. A deletion is always harmful, whereas a duplication is always beneficial.arrow_forward
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