21ST CENT.AST.W/WKBK+SMARTWORK >BI<
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393415216
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 14.1, Problem 14.1ACYU
To determine
The meaning of hydrostatic equilibrium.
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1. The Sun’s mass is ~2x1030 kg. If 10% of this is Hydrogen available in the core, how long will the Sun be able to continue fusing hydrogen at this rate? This is considered the Sun's "lifetime". If the Sun is 4.6 billion years old (and assuming it's power output is constant), how many years does it have left?
The Sun's photosphere is
a. the central region where the Sun originates
b. the part of the Sun which the light comes that we see when we look at the Sun with our eyes
c. the hottest region of the Sun
d. the outermost layers of the Sun's atmosphere
e. the first region you would come to when leaving the core
How long does it take for energy produced in the Sun's core to reach the photosphere?
A. a few seconds
B. a few hours
O C. a few years
D. a few hundred years
E. a few hundred thousand years
Chapter 14 Solutions
21ST CENT.AST.W/WKBK+SMARTWORK >BI<
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 14.1ACYUCh. 14.1 - Prob. 14.1BCYUCh. 14.2 - Prob. 14.2CYUCh. 14.3 - Prob. 14.3CYUCh. 14.4 - Prob. 14.4CYUCh. 14 - Prob. 1QPCh. 14 - Prob. 2QPCh. 14 - Prob. 3QPCh. 14 - Prob. 4QPCh. 14 - Prob. 5QP
Ch. 14 - Prob. 6QPCh. 14 - Prob. 7QPCh. 14 - Prob. 8QPCh. 14 - Prob. 9QPCh. 14 - Prob. 10QPCh. 14 - Prob. 11QPCh. 14 - Prob. 12QPCh. 14 - Prob. 13QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14QPCh. 14 - Prob. 15QPCh. 14 - Prob. 16QPCh. 14 - Prob. 17QPCh. 14 - Prob. 18QPCh. 14 - Prob. 19QPCh. 14 - Prob. 20QPCh. 14 - Prob. 21QPCh. 14 - Prob. 22QPCh. 14 - Prob. 23QPCh. 14 - Prob. 24QPCh. 14 - Prob. 25QPCh. 14 - Prob. 26QPCh. 14 - Prob. 27QPCh. 14 - Prob. 28QPCh. 14 - Prob. 29QPCh. 14 - Prob. 30QPCh. 14 - Prob. 31QPCh. 14 - Prob. 34QPCh. 14 - Prob. 35QPCh. 14 - Prob. 36QPCh. 14 - Prob. 37QPCh. 14 - Prob. 38QPCh. 14 - Prob. 39QPCh. 14 - Prob. 40QPCh. 14 - Prob. 41QPCh. 14 - Prob. 42QPCh. 14 - Prob. 43QPCh. 14 - Prob. 44QPCh. 14 - Prob. 45QP
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- 10. Show explicitly that if the Sun's photosphere were not ionized, its mean molecular mass would be u 1.25.arrow_forwardWhy are measurements of the Sun's 10.7 cm radio emission used to monitor the state of the solar cycle? Choose all correct answers. A. It provides a repeatable, objective measurement of solar activity B. It serves as a good proxy for EUV emissions C. It is measured from space, so it is not affected by clouds D. It can be used to predict the occurrence of coronal mass ejectionsarrow_forwardWhy do the magnetic fields lines of the sun get warped? a. effects of the solar wind b. surface of the sun is cooler near the poles c. uneven fusion rates in the core d. equator rotates more rapidly than the polesarrow_forward
- Describe the process as a photon (energy) created in the Sun's core makes its way out into space. Make sure to consider the different layers that the photon must pass through to reach the Sun's surface.arrow_forwardStep-by-step, explain how energy flows from the center of the Sun to Earth.arrow_forward1. When will the Sun exhaust its supply of hydrogen and no longer maintain the same state of hydrostatic equilibrium that exists today? (Assume that the Sun will run out of hydrogen fuel in its core, due to inefficient mixing, after 5% of the Sun's current total hydrogen content is converted into helium.)arrow_forward
- 62. Pressure of the Photosphere. The gas pressure of the photosphere changes substantially from its upper levels to its lower levels. Near the top of the photosphere, the temperature is about 4500 K and there are about 1.6 x 1016 gas particles per cubic centimeter. In the middle, the temperature is about 5800 K and there are about 1.0 x 10" gas particles per cubic centimeter. At the bottom of the photosphere, the temperature is about 7000 K and there are about 1.5 × 10" gas particles per cubic centimeter. Use the ideal gas law (Mathematical Insight 14.2) to compare the pressures of each of these layers; explain the reason for the trend that you find. How do these gas pressures compare with Earth's atmospheric pressure at sea level?arrow_forwardHow are neutrinos observed? a. by using a large tank of cleaning fluid buried deep in beneath Earth’s surface b. by using spectral observations c. by using a radio receiver d. by using a Schmidt-Cassegrain focus e. by using a magneto-hydrodynamic detectorarrow_forwardWhat types of changes effect the Sun's energy output? Cycle 24 Sunspot Number (V2.0) Prediction (2016 10) 300 200 100 Cycle Cycle Cycle 22 23 24 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Hathaway NASA/ARC O A. 11 year solar sunspot cycles change the amount of radiation given off by the Sun. O B. As the Sun rotates more energy is scattered to space and less is retained on the surface. O C. Cycles of solar flares and prominences heat and cool the layers below the Sun's surface. O D. Solar energy is affected by the core output of photons.arrow_forward
- 1 Describe the interieo of the sun. Label and list all the layers. Explain how sun produce energy.arrow_forward1. The mass of the Sun is about 2x10³0 kg. The Sun was about 72% hydrogen when it first formed. About 11% of the total amount of the Sun's hydrogen is available for fusion within the Sun's core. [3 points] (a) What is the total mass of hydrogen available for fusion, in kg? (b) The Sun fuses about 600 billion kg of hydrogen each second. Calculate how long the Sun's initial supply of hydrogen can last. Give your answer in both seconds and years. Hint: use the result you calculated in part (a). (c) We know that our Solar System is about 4.5 billion years old. Using your calculation above, how much longer do we have until the Sun runs out of hydrogen?arrow_forwardThe sunspot cycle affects I. the latitude at which sunspots are visible at a given time. II. the number of sunspots that are visible at a given time. III. the rotation rate of the sun’s equator at a given time. IV. the magnetic polarity of the sunspots at a given time. a. I & II b. I & IV c. II & III d. I, II & III e. I, II, & IVarrow_forward
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