Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781119329398
Author: Gerard J Tortora, Bryan Derrickson
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
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Chapter 15, Problem 14CP
Summary Introduction
To review:
The sympathetic response for the given body parts in a frightening situation.
Hair follicles
Iris of eye
Lungs
Spleen
Adrenal medullae
Urinary bladder
Stomach
Intestines
Gallbladder
Liver
Heart
Arterioles of abdominal viscera
Arterioles of skeletal muscles
Introduction:
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) enhances sympathetic response in the situation of emotional or physical stress. During such situations, the sympathetic division of ANS dominates the parasympathetic nervous system and affect different organs of the body differently.
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Describe the sympathetic response in a frightening situationfor each of the following body parts: hair follicles, iris of eye,lungs, spleen, adrenal medullae, urinary bladder, stomach,intestines, gallbladder, liver, heart, arterioles of the abdominalviscera, and arterioles of skeletal muscles.
List examples of sympathetic and parasympathetic effects.
Describe the effect of parasympathetic innervation on each visceral organ innervated by the division of the ANS, especially the heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, adrenal medulla, and external genitalia.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
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- Describe the sympathetic pathways to the (a) submandibular salivary gland, (b) bladder, (c) sweat glands in the skin, (d) adrenal medulla, (e) heart, (f) stomach.arrow_forwardExplain why the sympathetic division is also called thethoracolumbar division even though its paravertebral ganglia extend all the way from the cervical to the sacral region.arrow_forwardDiscuss the functions of the sympathetic systemarrow_forward
- Discuss the difference between pre and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic systemarrow_forwardName the protective structures of the central nervous system, and briefly describe each one.arrow_forwardWhy does the sympathetic division produce simultaneous effects throughout the body, in contrast to parasympathetic effects, which typically are localized to specific organs?arrow_forward
- Define sympathetic tone.arrow_forwardWhy is sympathetic action diffuse and long lasting, while parasympathetic is local and short-lived? What would happen to body systems during a stressful situation if these characteristics were reversed?arrow_forwardThe postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system are: a. short, adrenergic, type B b. short, cholernergic, type B c. long, adrenergic, type A d. long, cholernergic, type A e. none of the abovearrow_forward
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