To review:
A geneticist is attempting to isolate mutations in the genes for four enzymes acting in a
Introduction:
Enzymes are the proteins coded by genes (sequence of nucleotides) present in DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). Different genes code for different enzymes in the cell. The enzyme binds to a substrate and subsequently forms a product. Gene is a sequence of nucleotides and if there is any change (mutation) in the
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Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- Many aspects of gene function can be nicely explained with the one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which states that a gene controls the production of an enzyme. Which of the following findings about gene expression, though, requires an expansion of this simple concept? Choose an answer below: Non-enzyme proteins are made from genes too. Some genes code for RNA molecules only. Enzymes composed of different polypeptides are coded for by more than one gene. a and c, but not b a, b, and carrow_forwardDescribe the mechanistic steps through which gene therapy might be used to cure a disease that is caused by mutations in "Gene D". A potential patient is reluctant to undergo this treatment, because they remember hearing about adverse incidents from gene therapy studies conducted decades ago. What relevant details might you tell them, in order to inform them on this topic?.arrow_forwardExplain why the one-gene:one-enzyme hypothesis is no longerconsidered to be totally accurate.arrow_forward
- The Human Genome Project resulted in the identification of 20,000 genes that code for proteins in humans. On average, each gene can code for 4 different proteins. Which of the following processes explains how a single gene could code for more than one protein? A) the central dogma of molecular biology B) mutations C) alternative splicing D) redundancy in the genetic code E) the fact that there are three stop codonsarrow_forwardsuppose that a gene has a mutation that changes one nucleotide. Because of this one nucleotide change, the mRNA produced from this gene has a slightly difference sequence compared to the mRNA produced from the unaltered/non-mutated gene. However, the resulting protein produced from both of these gene versions is exactly the same. This type of mutation would be classified asarrow_forwardA genetic researcher notices that individuals with a particular genetic disease have a shortened version of key protein involved in the diseased biochemical pathway. Which of the following mutations is most likely to result in the premature termination of protein synthesis? A. The disease is caused by a silent mutation. B. The disease is caused by a frameshift mutation. C. The disease is caused by a missense mutation. D. The disease is caused by a nonsense mutation.arrow_forward
- All of the following are true about the design of the Beadle and Tatum experiment (one gene one polypeptide) EXCEPT: A. Used X-rays to generate auxotrophs B. Depended on the use of the bacteria, N. crassa C. Examined the way in which amino acid biosynthesis occurs D. Added nutrient intermediates to rescue lethal mutations included the study of conditional mutants E. Led to the one-gene-one polypeptide hypothesis.arrow_forwardusing example what is a degenerate primer? with the aid of diagrams discuss how degenerate primers are used to introduce random mutations in a gene and list some advantages and disadvantages of generating modified protein by this method .arrow_forwardIf a gene contains 2 introns and 3 exons, explain and draw what it would look like in an R loop experiment.arrow_forward
- Which of the following organisms would be the most likely to have identical copies of the Alu sequence, repeated thousands of times in its genome? A. the Japanese pufferfish B. Escherichia coli C. the chimpanzee D. Fugu rubripes E. the mousearrow_forwardName three factors that can influence the mutation rates of human genes.arrow_forwardA KDEL sequence is a sequence of amino acids in a protein that binds a KDEL receptor, which helps recycle it back to the ER. Name two techniques a scientist could use in combination to experimentally demonstrate the function of a KDEL sequence. (To help you think about how to answer this: What would happen if the KDEL sequence were nonfunctional? How could you observe the result?) Please answer this and thank you!arrow_forward
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