Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 15, Problem 14TYK
Summary Introduction

To review:

A geneticist is attempting to isolate mutations in the genes for four enzymes acting in a metabolic pathway in the bacterium Escherichia coli. Developing a hypothesis to explain that the geneticist has been able to isolate mutations in the genes for enzymes 1 and 2, but not for enzymes 3 and 4.

Introduction:

Enzymes are the proteins coded by genes (sequence of nucleotides) present in DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). Different genes code for different enzymes in the cell. The enzyme binds to a substrate and subsequently forms a product. Gene is a sequence of nucleotides and if there is any change (mutation) in the nucleotide sequence of a gene coding for an enzyme; the enzyme formed will have some or all of its properties changed, depending upon the type of mutation.

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Over several years, researchers learned more about proteins and the genes which code for them, the findings of which lead them to revise the original one gene-one enzyme hypothesis. Which of the following is NOT one of the findings which led to revision?   a. many genes code can code for RNA molecules which never go on to produce a protein at all   b. oftentimes, many genes are required to produce a single protein, where one gene produces one polypeptide and many polypeptides together make the single protein   c. in addition to enzymes, gene products also include non-enzyme proteins like keratin and insulin   d. a single gene produces one specific enzyme   e. a single gene may code for multiple different (closely related) polypeptides
a molecular geneticist hopes to find a gene in human liver cells that codes for an important blood-clotting protein. he knows that the nucleotide sequence of a small part of the gene is gtggactgaca. briefly explain how to obtain the desired gene answer
You hope to study a gene that codes for a neurotransmitter protein produced in human brain cells. You know the amino acid sequence of the protein. Explain how you might (a) identify what genes are expressed in a specific type of brain cell, (b) identify (and isolate) the neurotransmitter gene, (c) produce multiple copies of the gene for study, and (d) produce large quantities of the neurotransmitter for evaluation as a potential medication.
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