BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 15, Problem 1IQ
Summary Introduction
To describe: How does the absence of proofreading ability for RNA polymerase affect the rate of error in the transcription process in comparison with
Introduction: To convert genotype to
Summary Introduction
To describe: Why it is believed that proofreading capacity for DNA polymerase is more essential than for RNA polymerase.
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Which of the following features is common to both DNA replication and RNA transcription?
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Both RNA and DNA polymerase require oligonucleotide priming.
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Both RNA and DNA polymerase have extensive proofreading editing.
How would nucleotide excision repair be affected if one of the followingproteins was missing? Describe the condition of the DNAif the repair was attempted in the absence of the protein.A. UvrAB. UvrCC. UvrDD. DNA polymerase
The RNA polymerase is only using one strand of DNA as a template, and only transcribes specific sequences. In eukaryotes, how does the RNA polymerase “know” which strand to use as a template and precisely where to initiate transcription? Explain your answer, including any relevant DNA sequences/structures and proteins needed for the process.
Chapter 15 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.1 - List the roles played by RNA in gene expression.Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.2 - Describe the characteristics of the genetic code.Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 15.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.3 - Differentiate among initiation, elongation, and...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.4 - Explain the differences between bacterial and...Ch. 15.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 15.6 - Explain why the tRNA charging reaction is critical...Ch. 15.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 15.7 - Compare translation on the RER and in the...Ch. 15.9 - Prob. 1LOCh. 15.9 - Explain the nature of triplet repeat expansion.Ch. 15.9 - Prob. 3LOCh. 15 - Prob. 1DACh. 15 - Prob. 2DACh. 15 - Prob. 1IQCh. 15 - Prob. 2IQCh. 15 - Prob. 3IQCh. 15 - The experiments with nutritional mutants in...Ch. 15 - What is the central dogma of molecular biology? a....Ch. 15 - In the genetic code, one codon a. consists of...Ch. 15 - Eukaryotic transcription differs from prokaryotic...Ch. 15 - An anticodon would be found on which of the...Ch. 15 - RNA polymerase binds to a ________ to initiate...Ch. 15 - During translation, the codon in mRNA is actually...Ch. 15 - You have mutants that all affect the same...Ch. 15 - The splicing process a. occurs in prokaryotes. b....Ch. 15 - The enzyme that forms peptide bonds is called...Ch. 15 - In comparing gene expression in prokaryotes and...Ch. 15 - The codon CCA could be mutated to produce a. a...Ch. 15 - An inversion will a. necessarily cause a mutant...Ch. 15 - What is the relationship between mutations and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1SCh. 15 - Frameshift mutations often result in truncated...Ch. 15 - Describe how each of the following mutations will...Ch. 15 - There are a number of features that are unique 10...
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- Single-strand binding proteins keep the two parental strands of DNA separated from each other until DNA polymerase has an opportunity to replicate the strands. Suggest how single-strand binding proteins keep the strands separated and yet do not impede the ability of DNA polymerase to replicate the strands.arrow_forwardDNA synthesis has a very low error rate. One reason for this is that the DNA polymerase enzyme can verify “in the moment” that the nucleotide it is adding to the chain is the correct complementary base before moving on. This process is called Select one: a. mismatch repair b. transcription c. proofreading d. ligationarrow_forwardThe enzymes DNA polymerase in E.coli is a DNA dependent polymerace and also has the ability to proof-read the DNA strand being synthesised?arrow_forward
- Elaborate repair mechanisms that prevent permanent mutations in DNA are associated with replication, yet no similar repair process is associated with transcription. Can you think of a reason for this difference between replication and transcription? (Hint: Think about the relative effects of a permanent mutation in a DNA molecule and one in an RNA molecule.)arrow_forwardRestriction enzymes look for palindromic sequences of DNA to cut, how does it recognize those sequences? Does it bind to them and read their strands? Does it work with both strands of the DNA or does it just need one strand to work its process?arrow_forwardWhich DNA repair systems you think might be capable of repairing a situation where T is in one strand and G is in the complementary strand? Explain dramatically.arrow_forward
- What is a promoter? What is the function of RNA polymerase? How does it differ from DNA polymerase? please answer allarrow_forwardThe proofreading function of DNA polymerase involves the recognitionof a ________ and the removal of a short segment of DNA in the __________ direction.a. missing base, 5′ to 3′b. base pair mismatch, 5′ to 3′c. missing base, 3′ to 5′d. base pair mismatch, 3′ to 5′arrow_forwardDNA polymerase error rates can be 10-8 to 10° per nucleotide, and mutations in the repair functions of DNA polymerases that increase error rates can cause reduced survival phenotypes. Yet RNA polymerase error rates can be as high as 3 x105. Why is it so much more important for DNA polymerase to be accurate than RNA polymerase? Be brief.arrow_forward
- Okazaki fragments are short DNA pieces that explain how the DNA polymerase can continue the synthesis of the new strand. True Falsearrow_forwardWhich of the following subunits of DNA polymerase has proofreading ability? a. α b. β2 c. θ d. None of the abovearrow_forwardHow does the RNA polymerase II enzyme identify/distinguish the “start” of a gene from the junk DNA that makes up 98% of our DNA? Describe what happens during transcription initiation.arrow_forward
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