Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321948915
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 26ESP
Summary Introduction
To determine: The evidence which suggests that human-made forms of radiation are a major contributor of mutations in humans.
Introduction: Mutation refers to permanent alteration in the deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) sequence of an organism. Various types of mutations are substitution, insertion, deletion, and frameshift mutation. These mutations could be beneficial, neutral, or harmful.
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How do we know that certain chemicals and wavelengths of radiation induce mutations in DNA?
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
Ch. 15 - Prob. 1NSTCh. 15 - One of the most famous cases of an X-linked...Ch. 15 - The cancer drug melphalan is an alkylating agent...Ch. 15 - Geneticists often use the alkylating agent...Ch. 15 - Seven months pregnant, an expectant mother was...Ch. 15 - Seven months pregnant, an expectant mother was...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3CSCh. 15 - Prob. 4CSCh. 15 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 15 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 367....
Ch. 15 - What is a spontaneous mutation, and why are...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4PDQCh. 15 - Prob. 5PDQCh. 15 - Why is a random mutation more likely to be...Ch. 15 - Most mutations in a diploid organism are...Ch. 15 - Prob. 8PDQCh. 15 - Describe a tautomeric shift and how it may lead to...Ch. 15 - Contrast and compare the mutagenic effects of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 11PDQCh. 15 - Why are X rays more potent mutagens than UV...Ch. 15 - DNA damage brought on by a variety of natural and...Ch. 15 - Contrast the various types of DNA repair...Ch. 15 - Mammography is an accurate screening technique for...Ch. 15 - A significant number of mutations in the HBB gene...Ch. 15 - Describe how the Ames test screens for potential...Ch. 15 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 15 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 15 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 15 - In maize, a Ds or Ac transposon can alter the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 15 - In a bacterial culture in which all cells are...Ch. 15 - Presented here are hypothetical findings from...Ch. 15 - Prob. 25ESPCh. 15 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 15 - Prob. 27ESPCh. 15 - Among Betazoids in the world of Star Trek, the...Ch. 15 - Skin cancer carries a lifetime risk nearly equal...Ch. 15 - The initial discovery of IS elements in bacteria...Ch. 15 - It has been noted that most transposons in humans...Ch. 15 - Mutations in the IL2RG gene cause approximately 30...Ch. 15 - Prob. 33ESP
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- Although it is well known that X-rays cause mutations, they are routinely used to diagnose medical problems, including potential tumors, broken bones, and dental cavities. Why is this done? What precautions need to be taken?arrow_forwardIdentify the following sources of induced mutations, all of which increase the rate of mutation in human body cells. Choose between physical mutagens and chemical mutagens for each). Radiation exposures from airport security and during high altitude air travel. Answer Ingredients such as toluene and dibutyl phthalate in nail polish. Answer Exposure to BPA by heating up food wrapped in plastic wraps in microwaves. Answer Obtaining a base tan at a tanning salon prior to a beach vacation. Answerarrow_forwardThe word mutation is generally considered to be negative. However, is there a positive side to mutations? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forward
- As discussed, the overall rate of mutations in humans is estimated to be about 1 × 10−8 mutations per base pair per generation. How many new mutations would you expect each person to carry, on average, based on this mutation rate? Other studies have estimated that each person carries about 100 new loss-of-function mutations. How does this number compare with your estimate of the number of mutations based on the mutation rate? What might account for any differences?arrow_forwardWhich, if any, of the following statements is false? a) Most of the inherited changes in our DNA arise because of exposure to extracellular mutagens, including radiation sources and chemical mutagens. b) Most of the inherited changes in our DNA arise because of unavoidable endogenous errors in cellular mechanisms and harmful effects of certain natural molecules and atoms within our cells. c) Errors in DNA replication and DNA repair are a major source of mutations in our cells. d) Significant chemical damage is sustained by DNA because of its proximity to water molecules in our cells.arrow_forwardThe Effects of a Mutation are Difficult to Predict Why?arrow_forward
- Gene mutations can be classified in two major ways:(1) hereditary or germline mutations that are inherited from a parent and are present throughout a person’s life in virtually every cell in the body.(2) acquired or somatic mutations that occur at some time during a person’s life and are present only in certain cells, not in every cell in the body.If there is no family history of a particular disease but a child has the disease then it may have arisen due to a(n) ________ mutation early during development. A) acquired B) inherited C) silent D) transitionarrow_forwardStatistically, are mutations almost always beneficial or harmful? Why?arrow_forwardYou are working in the lab with two known carcinogens found in cigarette smoke: Benzo(a)pyren (BaP) and nitrosamine ketone (NNK). BaP is an aromatic hydrocarbon and the mechanism of carcinogenesis is through oxidation reactions with DNA. NNK is a nitrosoamine. Describe how these two kinds of carcinogens lead to mutations. (Be detailed. Remember you are graded on effort/completeness.)arrow_forward
- Which of the following is an enabling characteristic for cancer that can increase the likelihood of both passenger and driver mutations? a) Increased angiogenesis O b) Tumor-promoting inflammation O c) Avoiding immune destruction O d) Genome instability acerarrow_forwardIn the replica plate experiment, it shows that mutations are random. However, certain environmental stresses (such as high temperature, high salt, and low pH) can increase the mutation rate. QUESTIONS: Does this indicate that mutations are nonrandom, since they increase in response to cell stressors?arrow_forwardAre all human mutations handed on to their children? Please explain.arrow_forward
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