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Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321967671
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 2SQ
Summary Introduction
To order: The given steps in the origin of life as they have been hypothesized to occur.
Concept introduction: Origin of life or abiogenesis is the phenomenon where the first cells arose from abiotic organic molecules. The abiotic entities were slowly incorporated into first living cells.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which statement about spontaneous generation is false?
A.
It addresses the formation of living cells from previously nonliving material.
B.
This was a common belief for during the Middle Ages.
C.
Pasteur demonstrated that it does not occur under normal laboratory conditions.
D.
It occurs every time a new species evolves from a preexisting species.
E.
It apparently occurred at least once – when life on Earth began.
Which of the following extremophiles is the best model for the earliest organisms on Earth?
A. a prokaryote found near hydrothermal vents
B. an archaean capable of surviving in the polar ice caps
C. an anaerobic archaean species
D. a bacterium that thrives in a highly acidic environment
Which of the following describes the organisms and/or processes that were most influential in the creation of early Earth ecosystems?
a. Extinction of animals and domination of plants
b. Build up the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide
c. Prokaryotic production of an oxygen rich environment
d. Eukaryotic growth
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- Describe how scientists use each of the following as evidence for evolution; a. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics b. Comparative biochemistry c. The fossil recordsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is the last step in the Oparin-Haldane Model for the beginning of life? a. Membranes form around the first cells b. Simple molecules assembled into building blocks c. Polymers assembled from simple building blocks d. Asteroids and meteors provide building blocks for life on eartharrow_forwardThe endosymbiotic theory explains the:a. origin of the first prokaryotic cells.b. origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotes.c. evolutionary relationship between animals, plants, and fungi.d. method of reproduction in protists.arrow_forward
- The evolution of eukaryotes was most directly enabled by which of the following? a. Diversification within prokaryotes b. Chemical evolution of organic polymers c. Evolutionary split between prokaryotes and archaea d. Prokaryotic autotrophs increasing atmospheric oxygen e. Decrease of the Earth's surface Which of the following statements is true about ribonucleic acid? I. RNA carries genetic information II. RNA can serve structural and catalytic roles III. Air replicating organisms contain RNA a. I only b. II only c. III only d. I and II only e. I, II, and IIIarrow_forwardYou are discussing the choice of the “oil-eating” bacteria that you will use to clean the affected area from the oil spill and your team wants to know whether the Kalba sea constitutes a natural habitat for these bacteria. Formulate a hypothesis stating why or why not the Kalba sea area can be considered a natural habitat for such bacteria. Support your answer by discussing the role of evolution in contributing to the survival and thriving of “oil-eating” bacteria. Explain how and why these bacteria acquired these characteristicsarrow_forwardAnalyses of genomes have allowed researchers to determine that some cells have very small genomes. If you were asked to predict which organisms are likely to have smaller genomes than others, which option below would be MOST likely? A. Bacteria that live in plant hosts are likely to have smaller genomes than those that live in animal hosts as it takes a smaller variety of metabolic processes to survive in an animal host. B. Although less is known about Archaea than about Bacteria as fewer species have been studied, it is likely that Archaea have smaller genomes on average than Bacteria as they have fewer metabolic needs. C. Bacteria that are endosymbionts, living within a host, can survive with smaller genomes than free-living Bacteria because they can rely on their host for many of their needs. D. Protists generally have had smaller genomes than Bacteria because Bacteria have such large amounts of noncoding DNA.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is an accurate point that supports the idea that the earliest protocells relied first on RNA (not DNA) as inherited information? A. RNA is composed of lipids, and lipids were present on early Earth before the nucleotides that compose DNA were B. RNA is a monomer (unlike DNA), so it is simpler and more likely to have been used by these simple protocells C. DNA would have been too large to fit into the small protocells, but RNA was small enough to fit D. RNA can serve dual roles as both genetic information storage and an enzyme (but DNA cannot do both) ..arrow_forwardList six pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic hypothesisarrow_forwardDescribe three pieces of evidence for the Endosymbiotic theory.arrow_forward
- All the following statements support the theory that similar organisms have a common ancestor except Select one: a. similar DNA patterns occur in closely related organisms b. organisms sharing a habitat tend to develop similar behaviours c. transitional fossils show links between groups of organisms d. groups of organisms display similar embryonic developmentarrow_forwardWhich of the following did Stanley miller place in the experimental system to show that organic monomers could have risen from inorganic molecules on the early Earth? A. Only RNA B. Microspheres C. Purines and pyrimidines D. All of these are correctarrow_forwardWhich of the following is evidence that eukaryotes and prokaryotes share a common ancestor? a.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes use organic molecules as an energy source. b.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes are capable of mitosis. c.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain ribosomes. d.All eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain linear DNA.arrow_forward
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