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Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321967671
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 12PS
Summary Introduction
To complete: The table below to show how the bacterial population increases.
Introduction: Bacterium is a prokaryotic organism that copies their DNA and divide by binary fission. In binary division, a single cell becomes two cells, which then becomes four cells, eight cells, and so on.
Summary Introduction
To explain: The reason that the rate of increase changes over time and how the graph of data look.
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Log Nt = Log N0 – t/D. D is the time required for a log kill.
A single dose of mouthwash is added to a bacterial culture with 10 million cells/mL and, after 30 minutes, one hundred thousand viable cells/mL remain. How many would survive at the end of 1.5 hours? Based on the equation, can you ever totally decimate the population? In a practical sense, when would you assume that all the cells are dead?
. Bacterial growth is the proliferation of bacterium into two daughter cells, in a
process called binary fission. Ideally and normally, the resulting daughter cells
are genetically identical to the original cell. From here, the bacterial population
undergoes exponential growth. Following this exponential model, how much
greater is the population in a certain culture of bacteria after three generations as
compared to the initial? Express your answers in percent.
Suppose the generation time of a bacterium is 90 minutes and the number of cells in a culture is 103 cells at the start of the log phase. How many bacteria will there be after 8 hours of exponential growth?
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- Complete Table 1by doubling the number of bacteria (Clostridium sp.) and diatoms (Chaetoceros sp.) every 30 minutes and 60 minutes, respectively, and by writing the log10 of this number in the appropriate columns with the results , Draw a graph showing the growth (N) of the populations of both species from time = 0 (also written as t0) to time = 310 (t310) minutes. Draw both populations on the same graph. NB: It will be necessary to plot Chaetoceros sp. on a second y-axis. Label the axes and provide a suitable legends.arrow_forwardFill in the Blanks Type your answers in all of the blanks and submit Consider two species of bacteria A and B with the same initial population. The species grow exponentially with growth rate rA = 0.05 for species A and rg = -0.025 for species B. Will the two species of bacteria ever have the same size? Type your answer here (Enter YES or NO) The time at which they reach the same size is t = Type your answer here (Enter -1000 if their size is never equal)arrow_forwardWhat is the generation time (in minutes) of a bacterial population that increases from 10,000 cells to 10,000,000 cells in fours hours of growth? Show computation.arrow_forward
- Disinfectants, be they heat or radiation or chemicals, usually kill a constant proportion of the cells present per unit time if the cells are all equally susceptible. Hence, the term ‘log kill.’ The probability of death is constant over time given a ‘single hit.’ The more cells present at the start, the greater the number killed per unit time and the longer it will take to kill them ‘all.’ One decimal reduction is one log place (exponent). Log Nt = Log N0 – t/D. D is the time required for a log kill. A suspension of 105 CFU/mL of Salmonella is treated with bleach, and 90% of the cells are dead after 10 minutes. How many viable cells per mL would you expect after 30 minutes? Yes, the 30 minutes here implies 3 logs of killing. This is an excellent problem to use with the Death Equation because you can reason it through first, and then solve it using the equation.arrow_forwardA single dose of mouthwash is added to a bacterial culture with 10 million cells/mL and, after 30 minutes, one hundred thousand viable cells/mL remain. How many would survive at the end of 1.5 hours? Based on the equation, can you ever totally decimate the population? In a practical sense, when would you assume that all the cells are dead?arrow_forwardDraw a graph that shows the potential population growth of a bacterial population that starts with 500 cells. Assume binary fission, a generation time of 30 minutes and reproduction for four (4) generations.arrow_forward
- Bacteria grown in a lab experience what is called an 'exponential phase' of population growth. Suppose that, during this phase, a colony of Escherichia coli you are growing has a per capita growth rate, r, of 0.0347 per minute. If the size of your colony at the start of the exponential phase is 0.25 billion cells, then approximately how large will it be in 120 minutes?arrow_forwardThe number of bacteria in a culture every 2 hours and 30 minutes. If the initial number of Bacteria present was 1.2 × 10³, how many bacteria will there be after 10 hours?arrow_forwardCalculate how long it would take a population of 100 million bacterial cells in stationary phase to all die if the decline phase is exponential with 90% of the population dying in 30 minutes.arrow_forward
- For the bacterial growth curve below in which phase does the number of cell divisions equal the number of cell deaths? Log of number of bacteria 0 Lag Phase Intense activity preparing for population growth, but no increase in population. lag 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. log Log Phase Logarithmic, or exponential, increase in population. stationary Stationary Phase Period of equilibrium; microbial deaths balance production of new cells. The logarithmic growth in the log phase is due to reproduction by binary fission (bacteria) or mitosis (yeast). 5 Time (hr) Death Phase Population is decreasing at a logarithmic rate. death Staphylococcus sp. 10 None of the other four answers are correct Log Phase Stationary Phase Death Phase Lag Phasearrow_forwardYou sample cole slaw for bacteria soon after purchase, and after it has been left out on the kitchen counter for 6 hours (room temperature), and after 12 hours (at room temperature). From the data below, CALCULATE the generation time of the bacteria in this sample (at room temperature) – that is, the time it takes for the bacterial population to double in number. Soon after purchase: 4.0 x 103 bacteria per mlAt 6 hours at Room Temperature: 1.9 x 105 bacteria per ml ( = 192 x 103 bacteria per ml)At 12 hours at Room Temperature: 1.2 x 107 bacteria per ml ( = 12,300 x 103 bacteria per ml) What do you calculate the generation time to be? (generation time is the time needed for the population to double in size ) Hint: What is double the initial population? Hint:…arrow_forwardIf it takes 2 hours for a population of bacteria to grow from 100 cells to 1600 cells, what is the generation time of this bacterial species? 15 minutes 20 minutes 30 minutes 40 minutesarrow_forward
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