Macroeconomics
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259915673
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 15, Problem 4P
To determine
Excess reserves .
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Bank A has $5,000 in reserves, all required to be held. The required reserve ratio is 10 percent. Bank A has checkable deposits of O $500. O $5,000. O $50,000. O $500,000.
Suppose that Continental Bank has the simplified balance sheet shown below and that the reserve ratio is 20 percent:a. What is the maximum amount of new loans that this bank can make? Show in column 1 how the bank’s balance sheet will appear after the bank has lent this additional amount. b. By how much has the supply of money changed? Explain. c. How will the bank’s balance sheet appear after checks drawn for the entire amount of the new loans have been cleared against the bank? Show the new balance sheet in column 2. d. Answer questions a, b, and c on the assumption that the reserve ratio is 15 percent.
Since the Fed has begun paying interest on bank reserves at the Fed, do barks still want to avoid holding excess reserves?
Context: If lending was more profitable than the currently very low interest rate (formerly zero) that could be received from the Fed on excess reserves, we would still normally expect barks to lend out excess reserves rather than maintain them as excess reserves Judging from the fact that there has been a huge increase in holdings of excess reserves in the barking system, however, there may well be other constraints (such as Basel III) that may be limiting bank's willingness to lend out excess reserves.
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- The table below reports the breakdown of assets and liabilities for all commercial banks for January 2020, two months before the start of the COVID-19 recession, and December 2020. Assets (in billions of dollars) Liabilities (in billions of dollars) Jan-20 Dec-20 Jan-20 Dec-20 Loans $10,041.54 $10,376.47 Deposits $13,293.30 $16,061.82 Reserves $1,768.52 $3,168.94 Borrowings $1,965.90 $1,715.81 Treasury Securities $3,008.19 $3,726.10 Other Liabilities $593.42 $825.74 Other Assets $2,984.52 $3,224.45 Total Assets $17,802.77 $20,495.96 Total Liabilties $17,802.77 $20,495.96 From January to December, the net worth of banks changed by $___ billion (round your answer to two decimal places).arrow_forward13. Suppose that the T-account for Nan Bank Inc. is as follows:Assets LiabilitiesReserves $100,000Loans $400,000 Deposits $500,000If the Bank of Canada requires banks to hold 5 percent of deposits asreserves, how much in excess reserves does Nan Bank Inc. now hold?Assume that all other banks hold only the required amount of reserves. IfNan Bank Inc. decides to reduce its reserves to only the required amount, byhow much would the economy's money supply increase?arrow_forwardAssume that the balance sheet of a bank in your assigned country as below:Assets LiabilitiesReserves $5,000 Deposits $40,000Loans $45,000 Capital $10,000a. If the required reserve ratio is 3 percent, then how much does this bank has excessreserves?b. Suppose a bank purchases $1,500 of government securities using funds from reserves.How much do bank assets change as a result of this transaction? Show the change inthe balance sheet above. How much does Money Supply change due to this transaction?c. Calculate the bank’s leverage ratio. What is the maximum decrease (in %) in the marketvalue of assets before the bank becomes insolvent?arrow_forward
- 9. How would you incorporate security considerations/costs into the transactions demand model? What would this imply for the demand for currency in a relatively insecure urban environment (a) compared with a relatively safe one, (b) when owner-identified smart cards become available? Do these factors affect the demand for demand deposits? How would the proportion of currency to demand deposits be affected in these cases? 10. Can the transactions demand model be used to explain why financial innovations in recent decades have reduced the transactions demand for M1? 11. Are transactions demand models useless, as Sprenkle (1969) argued? If they are, how would you explain the demand for M1 or just for demand deposits in the economy?arrow_forward7 Suppose that liabilities of the Central Bank are 90% reserves and 10% currency, and currency is not held by banks. Further, a 30% reserve/deposit limit for banks exists, and households hold 10% of their assets in currency, and the rest in deposits. A $1 increase in central bank liabilities at the stated 90/10 ratio leads to what $ increase in M2? [please answer the question NOT in %, but in absolute numbers]arrow_forwardSuppose that National bank has $36 million in checkable deposits, Commonwealth bank has $45 million in checkable deposits and the required reserve ratio for checkable deposits is 10%. If the National bank has $4 million in reserves and Commonwealth has $5 million iin reserves, how much excess reserves does each bank have? Suppose that a customer of the National bank writies a check for $2 million to a real estate broker who deposits the check at Commonwealth bank. After the check clears, how much excess reserves does each bank have?arrow_forward
- 4. a) Suppose that Tk.10,000 in new taka bills (never seen before) falls magically from the sky into your hands. What are the minimum increase and the maximum increase in the money supply that may result? Assume the required reserve ratio is 10 percent.b) Suppose you receive Tk. 10,000 from your grandmother and deposits the money in a saving account. your grandmother gave you the money by writing a check on her saving account. Would the maximum increase in the money supply still be what you found it to be in part a) where you received the money from the sky? Why or why not?c) Suppose that instead you getting Tk. 10,000 from the sky or a check through your grandmother, you get the money from your mother who had buried it in a can in her backyard. In this case, would the maximum increase in the money supply be what you found it to be in part a)? Why or why not?arrow_forward6.... The Required Reserve Ratio is 25% for all banks. Assuming that all the customers that have outstanding loans have used all of those additional funds to invest in new machinery for their businesses (therefore, the amount of Checkable Deposits is the true liability the bank has to its customers), then $_____________ is the resulting change to the loan creating potential of the whole system (these three banks) as a result of Second National Bank customers depositing an additional $400,000 inarrow_forwardQuestion 1) Explain what will happen to M1 and M2 measures of money supply if an individual moves money from demand deposit account to a small-denomination time deposit. Question 2) Issuing marketable securities is the primary way businesses finance their operations. Trueor false? Explain your answer. If a four-year bond with a $2000 face value has a coupon rate of 2.5%, and the currentmarket interest rate is 4%, what is the market price of the bond? If this bond sold for $1900, is theyield to maturity greater or less than 4%? Why?arrow_forward
- Suppose that a bank holds $15m in treasury bonds $10m in reserves $30m of checkable deposits $20m of time deposits $6m of capital How much loan does the bank have if we know it doesn't have any other assets or liabilities Suppose that checkable deposits and reserves pay 0 interest The interest rate on treasuries is 3% The loan pays 7% Time deposits pay 5% How much profit does the bank make? What is the bank's return on assets? 3.2% 2.9% 3.7% 2.6%arrow_forwardNeed help. Assume that securitization combined with borrowing and irrational exuberance in Hyperville have driven up the value of asset-backed financial securities at a geometric rate, specifically from $4 to $8 to $16 to $32 to $64 to $128 over a six-year time period. Over the same period, the value of the assets underlying the securities rose at an arithmetic rate from $4 to $6 to $8 to $10 to $12 to $14. If these patterns hold for decreases as well as for increases, by how much would the value of the financial securities decline if the value of the underlying asset suddenly and unexpectedly fell by $6? Instructions: Give your answer as a whole number.arrow_forwardAssume that the following data describe the current condition of the commercial banking system: Value Total reserves: $ 100 billion Transactions deposits: $ 800 billion Cash held by public: $ 300 billion Required reserve ratio: 0.10 Instructions: Enter your responses as a whole number. In part b, round your response to one decimal place. How large is the money supply (M1)? $ _____ billion How large are excess reserves? $ _____ billion Now assume that the public transfers $50 billion in cash into transactions accounts. 3. How much would the total lending capacity of the banking system be after this portfolio switch? $ ____ billion How large would the money supply be if the banks fully utilized their lending capacity? $ ____ billionarrow_forward
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