Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether lactose is dextrorotatory or levorotatory compound should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Chiral or optically active molecules can rotate plane-polarized light either clockwise or counter clockwise. If plane-polarized light is rotated clockwise then it is known as dextrorotatory and for counter clockwise rotation it is known as levorotatory.
(b)
Interpretation:
Specific rotation of the enantiomer of lactose should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Enantiomers rotate the plane-polarized light in opposite directions by same angle.
(c)
Interpretation:
The amount of lactose enantiomer dissolved in water should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Physical properties of enantiomers are similar except the direction of optical activity. Solubility, melting point, boiling points are similar.
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CONNECT IA GENERAL ORGANIC&BIO CHEMISTRY
- The specific rotation of vitamin B7 in water (22°C) is +92°. A mixture of vitamin B7 and its enantiomer has a specific rotation of + 27.6°. What is the percentage of vitamin B7 and its enantiomer in this mixture? Select one: O A. 60% vitamin B7 : 40% enantiomer B. 65% vitamin B7 : 35% enantiomer C. 55% vitamin B7 : 45% enantiomer D. 70% vitamin B7 : 30% enantiomerarrow_forwardIn its pyranose form, naturally occurring D-glucose has five stereocenters. How many possible stereoisomers exist for this structure? a) 5 b) 10 c) 25 d) 32arrow_forwardClassifying Compounds as Stereoisomers or Different Conformations Classify each pair of compounds as stereoisomers or conformations: (a) X and Y; (b) X and Z.arrow_forward
- Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide. In energy metabolism it is the most important source of energy for most organisms. Most carbohydrates have several chiral centers. How many chiral centers are present in the straight chain form of glucose? H- ОН НО H- ОН ОН CH,OHarrow_forwardThe structures of 4 isomers of ketopentose are shown. 1) which of the structures are diastereomers of structure A? C, B, or D 2) which of the structures are enantiomers of structure C? B, A, or D 3) which of the structures are stereoisomers of strcuture A?C, D, or Barrow_forwardHow many stereogenic centers are present in the following compound? CH3CH₂CH₂CH2, H C=C H 1 02 H ||arrow_forward
- 4. Are these two compounds: a) the same b) enantiomers OR c) diastereomers? HC- -OH Explain how you arrived at your answer. H HS — он SH Harrow_forwardAswer all parts of the question. A freshly prepared solution of αα ‑D‑glucose shows a specific rotation of +112°.+112°. Over time, the rotation of the solution gradually decreases and reaches an equilibrium value corresponding to [?]25 °CD=+52.5°.[α]D25 °C=+52.5°. In contrast, a freshly prepared solution of ?β‑D‑glucose has a specific rotation of +19°.+19°. The rotation of this solution increases over time to the same equilibrium value as that shown by the ?α anomer. A solution of one enantiomer of a given monosaccharide rotates plane‑polarized light to the left (counterclockwise) and is the levorotatory isomer, designated (−). The other enantiomer rotates plane‑polarized light to the same extent but to the right (clockwise) and is the dextrorotatory isomer, designated (+). An equimolar mixture of the (+) and (−) forms does not rotate plane‑polarized light. The optical rotation, the number of degrees by which plane‑polarized light rotates on passage through a given path length of a…arrow_forwardc) i) Redraw serine, using wedged bonds, to show its two enantiomers: HOOC NH₂ Serine H CH₂OH ii) Assign which is the Senantiomer and which is R d) i) Mark all five stereocentres in this morphine derivative: ii) Identify as S or R the chiral carbon bonded to the ether O atom. iii) Identify as S or R the chiral carbon bonded to hydroxyl group. HO H- HO H N-CH3arrow_forward
- The structure of 4 isomers of an aldotetrose carbohydrate are given. 1) select every structure that is a diastereomer of structure D A, B, or C? 2) select every structure that is a enantiomer of structure C D, B, or A? 3) select every structure that is a stereoisomer of structure D A, B, or Carrow_forwardThe constitutional formula of tetrose is shown below -CH(OH)CH(OH)CH₂OH a) Using the flying wedge representation, draw all the stereoisomers of tetrose. Label each stereoisomers I, II, and so on. Mark the stereocenters using asterisks. b) Identify enantiomers. c) Identify diastereomers.arrow_forwardHow many stereocenters are present in D-glucose? How many stereocenters are present in D-ribose? How many stereoisomers are possible for D-glucose? How many stereoisomers are possible for D-ribose?arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning