Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135755785
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 15, Problem 5FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The term “natural selection” was given and popularized by Charles Darwin. Simply, it is defined as “survival of the fittest”. It is the differential survival of organisms on the basis of their
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In a species of beetles, males that have large horns are better able to fight off other males for access to females. This is an example of _______ selection.
During the 20th Century, scientists in the USSR undertook a program to domesticate foxes. The scientists selected those foxes who were most willing to interact with humans (in exchange for food.) These foxes were bred for many generations, ultimately resulting in the world's first domesticated foxes. Some even developed floppy ears and a curly tail, like dogs! This is an example of _____________ .
The theory of kin selection (inclusive fitness) takes into account that an organism can pass on copies of its genes through the reproduction of close relatives.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 15.1 - identify some of the thinkers whose ideas set the...Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 15.1 - define evolution?Ch. 15.2 - A recent study found that Galpagos mockingbirds on...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 2TCCh. 15.2 - explain how natural selection works and how it...Ch. 15.2 - describe the logic, based on four postulates, by...Ch. 15.3 - The fossil history of some kinds of modem...Ch. 15.3 - What Good Are Wisdom Teeth and Ostrich Wings?...Ch. 15.3 - Are a peacocks tail and a dogs tail homologous...
Ch. 15.3 - Between 70% and 85% of people will experience...Ch. 15.3 - describe the evidence that evolution has occurred?Ch. 15.3 - explain the difference between similarity due to...Ch. 15.3 - What Good Are Wisdom Teeth and Ostrich Wings? Just...Ch. 15.4 - To reduce the incidence of pesticide resistance,...Ch. 15.4 - describe some observations and experiments that...Ch. 15.4 - Some advocates of the view that all organisms were...Ch. 15 - Whale skeletons contain nonfunctional pelvic bones...Ch. 15 - Darwin was influenced by Malthuss thinking about...Ch. 15 - Prob. 3MCCh. 15 - Which of the following is not required for...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5MCCh. 15 - The flipper of a seal is homologous with the _____...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 15 - Georges Cuvier espoused a concept called ______ to...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 15 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 15 - Darwin's postulate 2 states that ______. The work...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1RQCh. 15 - Distinguish between catastrophism and...Ch. 15 - Describe Lamarcks theory of inheritance of...Ch. 15 - What is natural selection? Describe how natural...Ch. 15 - Describe how evolution occurs. In your...Ch. 15 - What is convergent evolution? Give an example.Ch. 15 - How do biochemistry and molecular genetics...Ch. 15 - In what sense are humans currently acting as...Ch. 15 - In discussions of untapped human potential, It is...Ch. 15 - Does evolution through natural selection produce...
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- A difference in survival and reproduction among members of a population that vary in one or more traits is called ________.arrow_forwardLiving things that are well adapted to their environment survive and reproduce. Those that are well adapted don't survive and reproducer. An adaption is any characteristics that increase fitness,which is defined as the ability to survive and reproduce. What characteristics of the mice is an adaptation that increased their fitness?arrow_forwardPhenotypic plasticity is the ability of an individual organism to express two or more genetically controlled phenotypes in response to environmental variation. Give an example and give some reasons why organisms depend on phenotypic plasticity instead of maintaining all their systems in a maximum sate of readiness at all times.arrow_forward
- The theory that is based on four principles that describe how organisms who are well-adapted to their environment survive to produce offspring is calledarrow_forwardWhich of the following BEST describes the relationship between genotype, phenotype, traits, and the environment? O Organisms acquire traits during their lifetime that alter their phenotype. This allows individuals to better adapt to their surroundings, and to pass on their phenotypes to their offspring regardless of their genes. An organism's phenotype is largely determined by its genes, or genotype. The relationship between an organism's phenotype and its environment determines the frequency of traits in a population. O The relationship between an organism's environment and its genotype determines the type of phenotype it will develop. Phenotypes are largely determined by the environment and organisms display traits that are unrelated to their genes.arrow_forwardWhich of the following decreases the evolutionary fitness in people with darker skin color? Assume there is no dietary supplementation. A_ Low folate in areas with high UV B_ Low folate in areas with low UV C_Low vitamin D in areas with high UV D_Low vitamin D in areas with low UVarrow_forward
- The picture below shows ungulates gathering under a tree during the heat of the day. In the morning and in the evening when it is cooler they move into the field to graze. Select the type of environmental variation the ungulates experience. Ospatial variation temporal variation climactic variation O phenotypic variationarrow_forwardBased on the fictional graph below investigating the impact of color on the # of eggs laid by female dragons, which of the following statements is true? Select ALL correct answers. Number of Eggs A A B Red Green Blue Dragon Color Blue dragons lay significantly less eggs than both red and green dragons. When researchers preformed a statistical test comparing the number of eggs laid by red & green dragons, the p-value was < 0.05. When researchers preformed a statistical test comparing the number of eggs laid by red & blue dragons, the p-value was < 0.05. Without error bars, we can not infer statistical significance from this graph.arrow_forwardLiving things that are well adapted to their environment survive and reproduce. Those that are not well adapted don’t survive and reproduce. An adaptation is any characteristic that increases fitness, which is defined as the ability to survive and reproduce. What characteristic of the mice as an adaptation that increased their fitness?arrow_forward
- Which is an example of disruptive selection? Group of answer choices Drug resistance increases with each generation; the resistant bacteria survive, and the nonresistant bacteria get killed off. Swiss starlings usually lay four or five eggs, thereby increasing their chances of more offspring. Over time, Equus developed strength, intelligence, speed and durable grinding teeth. Panay island snails mainly have two different phenotypes, black and white shells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the degree of an organism’s adaptation to an environment, as measured by an individual’s relative genetic contribution to future generations? Fitness Lineage Adaptationarrow_forwardA population of ducks had dull orange bills and an average size of 18 inches from bill to tail. Over time, some researches noticed that the average size of the ducks was still 18 inches, but that now many ducks were either much smaller or much larger and no ducks were actually 18 inches long. The researcher correctly identified that the ducks were undergoing ___A___ selection for size, The researcher also noticed that the bills were a much brighter orange in the ducks, and correctly identified ____B____ selection for bill colouration. A few years later, the researcher returned and noticed that only the male ducks now had bright orange bills and the females were less bright. The researcher hypothesized that ____C____ selection was occurring. Question 4 options: 123 Disruptive 123 Sexual 123 Directional 1. A 2. B 3. Carrow_forward
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